The Road to Freedomâ€the Underground Railroad Essay -- Slavery South Pa

The Road to Freedomthe resistance Railroad IntroductionMany times I have suffered in the cold, in beating rains pouring in torrents from the watery clouds, in the midst of the impetuosity of the whirlwinds and wild tornadoes leading on my company non to the field of...war...but to the land of impartial freedom, where the bloody lash was not buried in the quivering flesh of a slave.... (7,p.i).Such were the conditions of the Underground Railroad. It was a fictitous railroad but served the same purpose to transport people from wholeness place to another. This railroad, however, was not sanctioned by any government, in fact if it had been discovered many would have pass ond. The Underground Railroad was a huge risk. If you use it, and were caught, you could die. For some that was better than being treated like pack animals or breeding animals by their southern owners. That was a risk they chose to take and conditions they must endure. The Underground railroad was a means by whic h slaves in the south could escape to the northeastern and to freedom. The pioneers of the railroad went back to help their brothers and sisters in bondage. Many of them were leaders, or conductors that guide others to freedom and risked theirs to do it again and again. National Standards This particular subject deals a lot with maps. Understanding the Underground Railroad means understanding maps and spatial organiation. The journeyers, themselves, had to know, distinctly, where north was or which way to follow the Ohio River. A reader will glean an understanding of the people that chose to journey on the railroad. They were fierce believers in freedom, willing to die for it. From this paper, readers will be able to define differe... ... 2. History and Geography of the Underground Railroad. 199?. http//www.niica.on.ca/csonan/UNDERGROUND.htm (April 14, 1998). 3. May, Ilana, Mark Beigel, and Lenny Hothchild. The Underground Railroad in Rochester, New York. http//www.hist ory.rochester.edu/class/ugrr/home.html (April 14, 1998) 4. National ballpark Service Study Taking the Train to Freedom. 1998. http//www.nps.gov/undergroundrr/contents.htm (April 14, 1998). 5. Quarles, Benjamin. Black Abolitionists. Oxford Universoty wedge New York, 1969. 6. Siebert, Wilbur H. The Underground Railroad. Arno Press and The New York Times New York, 1968. 7. Smedley, R.C. History of the Underground Railroad. Arno Press and The New York Times New York, 1969. 8. Weisberger, Bernard A. Abolitionism Disrupter of the Democratic System or Agent of Progress? Rand McNally & Company Chicago, 1963.

Anti-traditional Conception of Sex in Pounds Coitus Essay -- Pound Co

Anti-traditional Conception of Sex in Pounds Coitus Critics have been fascinated and often baffled by Ezra Pounds devious poetic style, which ranges from the profound simplicity of In a Station of the Metro to the complex intertextuality of the Cantos. Pounds significance derives largely from his constant resolve to break traditional rebound and ideology, both literary and poetic. What is particularly unique about Pound, however, is that as he continually establishes precedence, he rarely abandons his thorough knowledge and appreciation of classical literature, lottery heavily from his literary and historical education in even his most groundbreaking works. Coitus, one of Pounds early short works, exemplifies both his interest in the simple, economical techniques of vorticism and his homage to the classics, interrelating them to create a statement that is unique and anti-traditional. COITUS The gilded phaloi of the crocuses are thrusting at the spring air. Here is there naught of assassinated gods But a procession of festival, A procession, O Giulio Romano, Fit for your spirit to dwell in. Dione, your nights are upon us. The dew is upon the leaf. The night about us is restless. Although classical allusions and imagist influences are an inherent part of Coitus, it is the disturbingly stark sexual force that dominates its tone. However bluntly carnal the poem seems, it does not at any point explicitly stir sex, except in the unmistakable directness of the title. Pound renders his tone through a montage of classical allusions and phallic imagery which resemble the vorticistic Japanese haiku the spring and ending two lines share similarities with Pounds... ...ion, yoking allusive fragments of western culture with elements of modern life. By combining the ancient with the new, Pound produces disturbing and sexually centered anachronisms that take advantage on the previous history of literature but also revolutionary modern theories psychological, sexu al and literary. As a whole, Coitus is an atom of knowledge, capable of split and exploding into far reaches of historical and literary realms, yet instantly and intriguingly disturbing for its modern sexual tone. The following poems are borrowed from page 109 of Personae The Collected Shorter Poems of Ezra Pound, 1926. IN A pose OF THE METRO The apparition of these faces in the crowd Petals on a wet, black bough. ALBA As cool as the pale wet leaves of lily-of-the-valley She lay beside me in the dawn.

Creating a Strong and Unified America :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Creating a Strong and Unified America Motoring down the roadway, I take in blurs of red, white, and blue, whizzing past my scope of vision. I am referring to, of course, the vast number of American flags attached to the cars of local residents and residents throughout the tribe. This sudden splurge of patriotism can be attributed to the war, but that is not to dictate that patriotism has not existed before this warit has also existed during the course of every American war, along with the cries of anti-war protestors. But does patriotism stand as strong during times of peace? One of the many duties of citizens is to love the nation they are born into because a nation depends on individuals who understand what it means to be a citizen. To get understanding citizenship, we must first have an idea of Americas past. In David McCulloughs essay Why History? he writes, The Department of preparation reported that more than half of all high school seniors hadn t even the slightest basic understanding of American History(88). We must know our narrative to know where we came from, and according to a speech by Alan Kors, professor of history at the University of Pennsylvania, it is important for us to understand mistakes made by our nation in the past so as to not lose sight of human moral weakness(9). The moral weaknesses Kors references are anti-Semitism, racial discrimination, corruption of power, and, of course, slavery. Kors explains that we should not breast down at our nation for the existence of these flaws, but rather look at how they have been for the most part abolished. America welcomes Jews racial injustices were addressed in the 14th and 15th Amendments. Slavery, which is the most universal of all human institutions,(Kors 9) was dubbed as an immoral practice by American values and agency(Kors 9) and was abolished. A nation cannot exist without citizens who understand the morals and values by which it was es tablished and also what responsibilities they must live up to. In an essay by Peter Gomes, he quotes the American judge at the Nuremberg Trials as saying, it is the function of the citizen to keep the government from falling into error(Jackson qtd.

Making Decisions Today For Health Care Tomorow Essay -- Medicine Paper

Making Decisions Today For Health Care TomorowToday, 80-85% of Americans die in medical checkup institutions. Of those, 70% require decisions nigh whether to apply, withhold, or withdraw medical treatment (Makar 58). Due to this ever increasing number, the right to die is one of the most popular and controversial topics in medicine today. The issue comes down to individual(prenominal) beliefs and ethics and the fact that there is so little clear-cut legislation on this topic confuses it even more. Advance Directives provide, in theory, for self-determination and put the patients question at ease with the knowledge that they have decided for themselves the extent of health care that they wish to receive. Also, for the family, the process of watching their loved one suffer by unwanted medical treatment is eliminated. In practice, however, there are a lot of inconsistencies and legal barriers that place limits on their usefulness. Some would argue that there is a limit to the amoun t of self-determination a patient retains even with an advance directive. They would say that a part of self-determination is that the patient makes an active, mental decision about his/her health care, and that advance directives dont fulfill this requirement. Regardless, it is clear that it is better than having no voice whatsoever in the decision. Also, in regard to attitudes toward self-determination today, many people relinquish this right either because they dont know that they have a choice or because they feel that they dont have a right to question a doctor or make medical decisions themselves (report Abram et al. 49-50).Alan Lieberson, author of the Living Will handbook, describes a progression that our society has taken that has led to the necessity of ad... ...1982.---. Making Health Care Decisions (Report) capital letter D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983.Alexander Law Firm. Medicare and Advance Directives. U.S.. Government Printing Office, 1993. Available h ttp/www.seamless.com/alexanderlaw.Arnitage, Matt. Opus Communications Health Wave. 1996. Availablehttp//www.opuscomm.com/nls/samples/balsample.html.Lieberson, Alan D. The Living Will Handbook The right to decide your own fate. Mamaroneck, New York Hastings House, 1992.Makar, Marjorie Conner, BSN. Consent and Right to Die. CME Resource Sacramento, CA 1994.Peer Review Systems. Health Care Quality usefulness Program Advance Directives Final Report. December 1995. Available http//cme-1.med.ohio-state.edu/prs/adv-fnl.htm.Right to Life of Michigan. Living Wills and Durable Power of Attorney. Availablehttp//www.rtl.org/lwpda.htm.

Creative Story: In Short :: essays research papers

Creative Story In ShortIt all started not so long ago. In fact, though I cant be completelysure about it, I think it was only five months ago. My name is Jeff Washburnand I am a surgeon. Not that long ago my life under went a huge change.Unfortunately a huge misfortune had to take place first. Not that long ago, Ihad a afflictive thing happen to me. A misfortune led to my being expelled fromthe hospital and my medical license being revoked. Two patients died on me. Imight pack gotten away with only one but the board of directors argon good atfinding patterns. Dont get me wrong, I want these people to die. I fair(a)happened to be drunk at the time. Now I drink even more just to soften theconstant hangover. The hearing were probably the worst explode of whole ordeal.Three weeks of being put in the spotlight.Every inch of my life was put under a big magnifying glass. Every mistake Imade in the last fourteen years was read bunch of know-nothings who sit andpretend to run a hospital . The mistakes werent very frequent, at least, notuntil I started to drink.I suppose you want to know the reason I started to drink. Well, I messup big time during a triple bypass and killed a patient. Thats when thedrinking started and the drinking lead to the death of another patient. Now Idrink even more and remember even less which means its working. or so a month ago I left England, which is where I worked, and movedhere to a small fishing island off the coast of France. There is no doctor onthe island so they welcomed me, sort of. I scare them I suppose. Theyre afraidthey might catch me when Im to drunk to work properly.But now things are different. About three weeks ago I had a big wake-upcall. I was sitting in my normal Sunday drunken stupor when a earth was brought into my office. This man had been seriously injured by gun shot wounds.Apparently he had be found in the ocean by a group of fishermen. I knew that Icould not perform the necessary surgery in my present conditio n. I bandaged himup and stooped the major bleeding. indeed I took two mins and did all I could todry out. With my condition a little better I performed the most delicatesurgery of my life. For another hour I scrubbed at the wound in his head.

Creative Story: In Short :: essays research papers

Creative Story In ShortIt all started non so long ago. In fact, though I cant be completelysure about it, I think it was only five months ago. My name is Jeff Washburnand I am a surgeon. Not that long ago my life on a lower floor went a huge change.Unfortunately a huge misfortune had to take view first. Not that long ago, Ihad a terrible thing happen to me. A misfortune led to my existence expelled fromthe hospital and my medical license being revoked. Two patients died on me. Imight have gotten away with only one but the board of directors are good atfinding patterns. Dont take me wrong, I want these people to die. I justhappened to be d testk at the time. Now I drink even more than just to break theconstant hangover. The hearing were probably the worst part of whole ordeal.Three weeks of being put in the spotlight.Every inch of my life was put under a bouffant magnifying glass. Every mistake Imade in the last fourteen years was read bunch of know-nothings who sit andpretend to run a hospital. The mistakes werent very frequent, at least, notuntil I started to drink.I suppose you want to know the reason I started to drink. Well, I messup big time during a triple bypass and killed a patient. Thats when thedrinking started and the drinking lead to the death of another patient. Now Idrink even more and remember even less which means its working.About a month ago I left England, which is where I worked, and movedhere to a gloomy fishing island off the coast of France. There is no doctor onthe island so they welcomed me, sort of. I scare them I suppose. Theyre afraidthey might ingest me when Im to drunk to work properly.But now things are different. About three weeks ago I had a big wake-upcall. I was sitting in my conventionality Sunday drunken stupor when a man was brought into my office. This man had been seriously injured by gun shot wounds.Apparently he had be found in the ocean by a group of fishermen. I knew that Icould not perform the necessary su rgery in my present condition. I bandaged himup and stooped the major bleeding. Then I took two hours and did all I could todry out. With my condition a little better I performed the most delicatesurgery of my life. For another hour I scrubbed at the wound in his head.

Homosexuality in Christianity Essay

The most common form of conglutination everywhere in the world is the sum of man and woman, or straight marriage. toilette Edmiston quoted the Holy Bible (New King James Version) to justify this kind of marriage a man sh all leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and they shall snuff it one flesh (Genesis 127).In a deliverymanian perspective, the Holy Bible al directions receivemed to be one of the best references for issues concerning Christians, and non-Christians. In the Christian perspective, Edmiston win explains that the holy union of the male and female reflects the perfect expression of Gods power, with His image as both man and woman. Thus it is justified that heterosexual marriage is intended for a man and a woman and is meant to be life-long. This union, he says, is characterized by sexual intimacy, a normal method by which a man and a woman bonds and interacts both emotionally and physically. It is especially because man and woman both correspond to each others bodies and this is the very way couples produce their own offspring.Contrary to heterosexual marriage, transgendered marriage is highly debated ever since. Majority of Christian denominations do not allow analogous-sex marriages, deny sacred union between two men or two women. Rey Will discussed the institution of marriage as originating from religion, and not from the civil origin, justifying the major denial of marriage to human beings in the churches. But Edwin Lukens does not only refer homosexual or same-sex marriages to formal rites of the church or of civil marriage hardly it also refers to homosexual couples who live together and consider themselves as married even if they are still unrecognized by the formal institutions of church and state.As for most Christian denominations man and woman marriage is seen to be godly, sacred, as it is natural and biblical, and is hailed for its purpose of procreation. Homosexual marriage on the other hand is viewed as un natural, immoral, and is damaging. It is also discovered to cause role confusion in the family framework. As Lukens had put it, men and women were intended to be made different from each other, coming together in a balanced state. Rick Santorum in an interview verbalize that homosexuals advocating for equal marriage rights do not know what same-sex marriage can do to ecology, unearthly liberty, and the mental and physical health of children. The clash between heterosexual and homosexual marriages is echoed throughout the references being utilize for this project.HomosexualityHomosexuality is basically attraction to the same sex. But where does this attraction come from? Mark Copeland discusses the origin of homosexuality. In his article he clashed two sides of homosexuality, genetic and environmental. In the case of the genetic side, homosexuals see themselves as born homosexuals. They see their homosexuality as something natural. If it was so, homosexuality is just as acceptabl e to anything else and is not considered a sin to the Christian faith.A study was highlighted in Copelands article, where 110pairs of identical fit were separated from each other and raised differently. It was observed that if one was alert, the other twin would most identically be gay too, only at a 52% chance. However, Copeland had a different analysis of the result. He said that if homosexuality is truly genetic in origin, both twins should unceasingly be 100% straight or gay, and just the fact that it does not, it means that there are other factors contributing to homosexuality. These factors may make it easier to call on entrapped in homosexuality, he explains.Copeland also discusses in his article the causes of homosexuality, based on a book by Tim LaHaye entitled The Unhappy Gays What Everyone Should Know About Homosexuality. LaHaye listed components that may contribute to develop predisposition to homosexuality. Copeland discussed that the list mostly contains environm ental factors such as permissive childhood training, childhood sexual trauma, childhood associates., which may demoralize early in life causing the person to feel that he or she was born in that way. However, this predisposition, as LaHaye puts it, must be added with other factors like repetitive homosexual experiences and pleasurable and positive homosexual thoughts.Therefore, Copeland in his article defines a homosexual as someone who already has a predisposition, flick to homosexual experiences and pleasurably reflecting upon them.Another issue with homosexuality is health. A lot of studies has been done that proves that homosexual fashion makes homosexuals more vulnerable to disease and thus decreases their lifespan. sexually transmitted diseases are known to be of high occurrence in homosexuals. This becomes another reason why they are seen as immoral and damaging to the society.Christian Opinons on HomosexualityIt interests me to learn that Christians clash when it comes to their opinions regarding homosexuals. Some denominations see homosexuality as a sin while others do not see it as a sin but rather as something natural and acceptable. But most, according to Kelli Mahoney, fall into those who condemn the sin and not the sinner, or explained more thoroughly, homosexual behavior is condemned while homosexuals themselves are allowed and often encouraged to join as members of congregations.Most Christian denominations view homosexuality as a sin, where homosexual behavior is immoral. Homosexual relationships are viewed to be something horrible and shameful. They point out to the story of Creation where God only created Adam and Eve for each other. As Copeland stated it, if God made them that way, so it is not their fault they are homosexual and it must not be a sin to act out their desires. Homosexuals then defend themselves as born that way. Rey Will said that the premise is that gay or homosexual marriages or unions will not affect society as a who le and will only be like a normal union.Homosexuality, Bible, and Current ChristianityAccording to Lukens, the Bible says little about homosexual or same-sex marriage, but it says a lot about homosexuality and the immoralities connected with it. Denial of the marital union between homosexuals is justified by Gods plan for sexuality, in the Creation story in the Bible, where only man and woman are created for each other. Edmiston argues that if it was natural for homosexuality, our bodies would shit been designed to be able to reproduce young offspring with the same sex, in a healthy and natural way.In the Bible, homosexual passions and acts are posed as unnatural and shameful, immoral, and it denies the practitioner entrance to the domain of God. Edmiston states that this, unity outside eternal salvation, is the reason why same-sex or homosexual marriage can never be sanctioned by the church. Edmiston further states that marriage is a fundamental social institution that does not exist just for the emotional satisfaction of two individuals but for the greater good of the community which stands on a lower floor the blessing or curse of God.As I have read from Religion Facts, the United Methodist Church sees that homosexual behavior and practice is not compatible with teaching, and that practicing homosexuals should not be ordained as ministers. However, some local congregations, especially those members of the Reconciling Ministers Network, have challenged this ruling of the church authority through set certain homosexuals in minister power, and they have fought this policy in church courts. The Methodist Church has also fundinged civil rights for gays, but the issue of support for same-sex marriage is still not clear.Another interesting Christian denomination regarding homosexual issues is the Metropolitan Community Church. According to Religion Facts, it is an international fellowship of Christian congregations, with a specific outreach to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities. An important aspect of its faith is the acceptance of homosexuality. They had challenged the legal heterosexual definition of marriage in Ontario. Two couples in Ontario used an old legal procedure to marry without a license. As soon as same-sex marriage was legalized in Ontario, their marriages were recognized. The Metropolitan Community Church has always been attacked by bombings, desecrations, vandalism, threats, and arson, mainly due to its huge membership of homosexuals and its views on homosexuality.My last example of Christian denomination in the issue of homosexuality is the United Church of Christ, all facts again according to Religion Facts. It is organized according to congregational principles, causing views on controversial matters vary among congregations. A minority of the United Church of Christ has adopted an open and affirming statement that welcomes homosexuals in all aspects of church life. Other congregations on the other ha nd openly oppose homosexual practice, and many of them have no official policy at all. It had even publicized a TV commercial in 2004 promoting the policy of radical hospitality, which dramatized minorities and homosexuals that were turned away(predicate) from a typical church. However, it was not able to persuade any major U.S. TV network to air the commercial. In 2005, they encouraged their member congregations to adopt married couple policies that do not discriminate gender, and to support legislation of same-sex marriage.Homosexuals may see the approval of same-sex marriage as freeing of social and religious constraints. Jonathan Rauch said in an interview that homosexuals need the same safety. They need the same caregiving anybody else does. Pointing out to the unruliness of some Christians, he stated that gay mountain are the only people in America who have to follow Biblical law and Gay people should deal with the same standards as straight people.Still, some people see th e approval of same-sex marriage as damaging. Rick Santorum said that marriage then becomes meaningless. If anybody can get married for any reason, then it loses its special place.ConclusionIn Conclusion, Most of the Christians are against homosexuality, but some of them are not. Are emotions a sufficient basis for marriage? I think this question raised by Edmiston would help Christians think properly of their view of homosexuality and homosexuals. Christians may execute to follow the rules which are created by God. assorted rules are set for different Christians. Different beliefs of sex and homosexuality are also given to them. At one point, it is not different from the non-Christians because there is moral opinion and the society. At another, it is different from the non-Christians because they always focus on the religious and biblical background of homosexuality.

Community Psychology and Public Health Essay

This essay discusses the similarities and differences between two approaches club psychology and serviceman race health that are related to social problems. Each method approaches social problems differently however there are certain(a) overlapping features. Each method also has its specific strengths and weaknesses. All of these factors give be discussed in this essay. companionship psychology and public healthThe foundation of public health rests on the practical put throughation of attempts to protect and improve a communitys health by applying preventative medicine, sanitary methods, and social science. The name and address of public health is to prevent disease and distress from occurring. And here is the first difference between public health and community psychology. Where public health focuses on specific problems, community psychology focuses on the overall quality of life of the individuals within a community.The goal of community psychology is to understand the relationships of the individual with his or her community and society through research and to improve the individuals life through certain actions. The ideas that drive community psychology are inspiring and motivational, but the ideas have proven to be difficult to put into action items in order to implement them. This is one of the weaknesses of community psychology and one of the causes of the many failed attempts at transforming a community.However, there are also cases of political factors obstructing the implementation of solutions to social problems, as exposit by Professor Albee in Guernina (1995, p. 85), and when Reagan was elected the message went out to the National Institute of Mental Health from the White House saying, We will no overnight support any research into the social causes of mental illness we will only support research into the biological, genetic organic causes. Thus it seems like community psychology is deemed the impractical, unnecessary approach that is too concerned with sociology to make a practical impact on a community.In contrast, the public health approach, that highlights biological and engineering methods, has proven to effectively prevent various diseases and socially abusive behaviours from spreading widely. For example, under the public health regulations in South Africa, the management of human waste in public places was determined and implemented during the 19th century.However, this approach isnt perfect either, because although the human waste was effectively managed in public places, the problem arose when human waste occurred in terms of intimate actions, such as bathing and toilet hygiene. Neither of the approaches is perfect and both approaches have qualities that can potentially transform a community. In this sense, the merging of the best qualities of both approaches is best described by Gilbert, The close affinity between sociology and public health is in terms of unit of study, theory, and method.They luck a common concern with populations of individuals, a theoretical orientation toward abstract generalisations and a similar methodological approach. They also share a problem focus. To a large extent public health problems are social problems. The social forces that determine whether a health condition will be viewed as a public health problem, are similar to those that define a social problem. (1995, p. 81) ConclusionPublic health can do for a little more of the human touch as experienced in community psychology. And community psychology can benefit from the practical methods as seen in public health solutions. Fortunately this is happening in the socio-ecological approach, which is based on a holistic understanding of the individual, the community, diseases, and health as the outcome of the obscure behaviour patterns that are instilled in individuals and groups through socialization, and who then understand the ways as being normal.

Becoming a Teacher

Becoming a TeacherBecoming a Teacher either person has his or her own dreams of becoming somebody when he or she grows up. Some would say they want to be a doctor, engineer, lawyer, accountant, or businessman. In my case, incessantly since I was a child, I need been nurturing this dream of becoming a teacher. I decided to embark on this dire profession for three of import reasons.The first reason can be attributed to my wish to have an impact on states lives. Specific totallyy, I wish to become a billet model for the youth of today, many of whom argon in need of guidance.I believe that I can be a good example and a teacher to every pupil that I will be pedagogy in the rising. By being a role model, I can athletic supporter my future tense students grow and mold them to become better individualsa feat that, when achieved, can certainly leave me fulfilled. Second, I want to become a teacher for a very simple reason I want to sh are whapledge and make a difference in peoples lives. I sample to educate the young aces not only about the subjects that they have to learn, but as well about the realities of the world and the values that they should live out.I also wish to have the chance to attention them achieve their goals and dreams in the future. By doing so, I would be able to draw out every students potential and help him or her lead a successful life founded on integrity. Third, my passion for and interest in dealing with children prompted me to decide on becoming a teacher.For me, children are just like angels being around them makes me feel happy and content in life. They are cute, sweet, and adorable. They may be stubborn, hardheaded, and noisy, but these are the qualities that make them a child, so their display of such behavior is only natural.Hence, I, as a teacher, should start teaching children during their formative years so that they will grow up to become principled individuals. These are the reasons why I am very eager and enthusiastic to become a teacher.Teaching is a very challenging profession. Thus, in lay to survive and become a successful and effective teacher, I believe that teachers should possess the following characteristics and skills. First of all, a teacher should have compassion, a trait that entails empathy, kindness, and benevolence.Teachers with compassion possess a genuine desire to help students. Hence, being compassionate is one of the most important traits that a teacher should have. another(prenominal) quality that is crucial to teachers is dedication. Teaching is not just a profession it is a commitment that an individual takes due to his or her great intention to help others and pass on the knowledge and skills that he or she has. Teachers should also have confidence in themselves in order to be an effective teacher. They must know what they are doing and have the courage to lead every student to the right path.Strength is also another important trait that teachers should possess in order for students to union them with respect. Moreover, teachers should exhibit enthusiasm in order to motivate the students to learn and develop. They should also be approachable and have good communication skills in order to observe misunderstandings or miscommunications with and among their students.Open communication is imperative in a teacher-student relationship so that the teacher will know whether there is development or problem in his or her students.In addition, I also believe that a teacher should demonstrate a good attitude and character to his or her students. They should always be a good example to their students and always show positive feelings and emotions (Glenn, 2001). Finally, the most important personal characteristic that a teacher should have is a lot of patience. diligence is said to be a virtue, a virtue that is very hard to keep and maintain. Being a teacher requires having a lot of patience because of all the responsibilities that he or she has to fulfill, such as making sure that the students learn and develop their skills.Considering this list of the personal characteristics that a teacher should possess in order to become effective, one may perceive the profession as very difficult and complicated to fulfill. However, knowing that the purpose of teachers is to help and change other peoples life for the better does not hinder me to fulfill my dream of becoming a teacher someday. There are diametric types of schooling in the society nowadays. One of these is special education. Special education is a very different setting compared to a normal school.It is a school or a place where various special and additional services are provided for children or people with disabilities, including blind, deaf, mute, and mentally challenged individuals, among others (Watson, 2003). To stay updated in the field of special education, teachers can run into seminars or taking a special course that directly provides information particularly relevant to this field. This may involve taking a course that offers different techniques and strategies in teaching and handling special children.Learning that is based on personal observation could be helpful as well in this field. Keeping ones passion sounds very easy especially if it is something that a person enjoys doing. Nonetheless, in the field of teaching, it might appear very difficult to keep a teachers passion in teaching, for it is said to be a very stressful and difficult career. However, in my opinion, maintaining my passion for teaching is easy. There are a lot of things that I can do in order to maintain my strong will and desire in teaching.Being innovative in my teaching style, combined with a positive attitude towards this profession, would keep me happy and satisfied with this job. Dealing with children, getting to know different students, and gaining love, respect and care from students are also rewarding reasons to be passionate about being a teacher. Building relatio nships and fostering creativity within my students, which are some of many exciting things that I am looking forward to achieve when I become a teacher, would perpetually rekindle my passion for teaching.In addition to this, keeping in mind that the students future lies on my hands would certainly maintain my passion and keenness to be a great teacher and a role model to every student I will have. Indeed, having a career in teaching can be considered as a blessing and an honor to an individual. It is one of the most noble and respected jobs in the world, and its intangible rewards will always arouse the passion that I have always possessed towards teaching.I believe that a great teacher has the responsibility to bring out the best in every student. A teacher should have an open mind, positive attitude, and high expectations everyday as he or she goes to school. This is my educational philosophy. When I become a teacher, I would gladly and proudly become an inspiration to every child . I would like to be an operator that will make these children grow and succeed in their lives. I wish to live a life of service to other people most especially to children.I want to be a teacher to be able to nurture children and instill all the necessary knowledge and values that one should have in order to have a blissful and rewarding life. Teaching will always be my passion, and I will never harbor feelings of regret in choosing this career path. References Glenn, R. E. (2001). Admirable Teaching Traits. Education World. Retrieved January 28, 2009 from http//www. education-world. com/a_curr/curr387. shtml. Watson, S. (2003). What is special education?. About. com. Retrieved January 28, 2009 from http//specialed. about. com/od/idea/a/Special101. htm

Is Scientific Progress Inevitable? Essay

I read the article Is Scientific Progress Inevitable? which was indite by Andrew Irvine on 2006. It was published in the book In the Agora The world Face of Canadian Philosophy. The main idea of the article is scientific jump on is not inevitable. At the first part of the passage, the author used his own his experience that he took his daughter to see a medicine wheel he used what he saw to let us know these structures view as been there for thousands of years and human beings are fragile. Furthermore, he used some facts that old-fashioned heap may use their unique ways to record summer solstice rather than todays high astronomical knowledge. As he say scientific knowledge is not inevitable (para.12), there is no guarantee that scientific progress will keep increase, as long as we have the belief to live better, the scientific progress is not essential or necessary.CritiqueThis article was written by Andrew Irvine who is a professor of UBC at subdivision of philosophy (Irvine , 2012). The title of the passage makes readers to think of scientific progress is not inevitable, however, without technology, we cannot live in this highly developed world. The book In the Agora The Public Face of Canadian Philosophy was edited by Andrew Irvine and John Russell it is a book which collects many Canadians philosophers article and enriches our world by their Philosophical thought (University of Toronto infatuation Publishing, 2013). However, we are living in a developing world, as long as we want to live better, the scientific progress will remain non-inevitable.electronic products for example, cellphones have been part of our live for few years, everybody has a cellphone to eliminate to each other conveniently. But ancient people can only communicate each other with their voice or gesture, they cannot reach somebody who is far away from them. With the scientific results, we can use electronic products to talk and see people thousands of miles away from us. In the article, the author mentioned that some ancient culture may use their own way to figure out summer solstice like the sun dance (Irvine, 2006, pp338-339).

Behavioural Finance..

A study on Behavioural Finance chore Statement To project how and to what extent food marketplaces and investor decisions halt been influenced by market moving emotions. Objectives The main objectives of this research are 1. To understand the roots and origins of behavioural finance. 2. To understand the elemental investor psychology, components and aspects of the same. 3. To understand the components, heuristics and anomalies refer in behavioural finance. . To determine according to gender and age group, what are the various choices of investments, priority given to characteristics of investment alternatives and decisions made on the basis of jeopardize and strong market movements.Null Hypothesis The market moving emotions have no influence on the behaviour of investors. Alternative Hypothesis The market moving emotions have an influence on the behaviour of investors. Benefits of the Research . It will succor to understand the roots and origins of behavioural finance. 2. It will help to understand the base investor psychology, components and aspects of the same. 3. It will help to determine according to gender and age group, what are the various choices of investments, priority given to characteristics of investment alternatives and decisions made on the basis of guess and strong market movements. Research MethodologyA sample of 50 people will be taken of various age, income groups and data will be analysed. Sources of Data The firsthand research will include Questionnaires, personal interviews which will contain closed ended questions. For the secondary Research data will be collected from different websites, e-journals, journals, books and other articles which have been published. The secondary data will be compared with the primary to prove the hypothesis.Behavioural Finance..A study on Behavioural Finance Problem Statement To understand how and to what extent markets and investor decisions have been influenced by market moving emotions. Object ives The main objectives of this research are 1. To understand the roots and origins of behavioural finance. 2. To understand the basic investor psychology, components and aspects of the same. 3. To understand the components, heuristics and anomalies involved in behavioural finance. . To determine according to gender and age group, what are the various choices of investments, priority given to characteristics of investment alternatives and decisions made on the basis of risk and strong market movements.Null Hypothesis The market moving emotions have no influence on the behaviour of investors. Alternative Hypothesis The market moving emotions have an influence on the behaviour of investors. Benefits of the Research . It will help to understand the roots and origins of behavioural finance. 2. It will help to understand the basic investor psychology, components and aspects of the same. 3. It will help to determine according to gender and age group, what are the various choices of inves tments, priority given to characteristics of investment alternatives and decisions made on the basis of risk and strong market movements. Research MethodologyA sample of 50 people will be taken of different age, income groups and data will be analysed. Sources of Data The primary research will include Questionnaires, personal interviews which will contain closed ended questions. For the secondary Research data will be collected from different websites, e-journals, journals, books and other articles which have been published. The secondary data will be compared with the primary to prove the hypothesis.

Define The Concept Of Culture Essay

Culture is the musical modes in which a smart set lives. A destination whitethorn shargon the resembling religions, beliefs, values, var. or status, a culture can dress in a certain way and act in a way that follows the norms of how their society carries forth life and what they deem as acceptable, culture can shared by a large theme of people or a smaller group within society. For shell there are subcultures, a subculture is a small group which have different way of life opposed to the majority of society they may dress, talk and act in a different way. An example of subculture is a religious group, being a part of a religion may mean that people that are part of it dress differently, and have different values and ideas on life and live in a different way to the majority in society. Another example of a culture is popular culture this is a culture that involves a large majority, and is highly influenced by the media, for example football is a sport that is frequently covered by the media by television, radio, news etc. And is a popular sport with a large hobby other examples of pop culture are pop music, bingo and mainstream fashion. Pop culture has a variety of people from different backgrounds being part of the same thing called a common culture which is shared by the masses. advanced culture is another example of a culture that is shared with people and their families from a higher class. People that are part of the high culture are wealthy and have an ascribed status or come from a family with an ascribed status, implication that they or the head of the family worked towards their success/wealth. They take part in activities associated with upper class such as polo, lacrosse, hunting, and watching arts such as operas, ballets, orchestras. High culture attempts not allow people who are not from the same class or have the same status as them to join in with their clubs and activities this is called social closure but this is difficult as more peopl e can achieve super rich lifestyles, buying their way into high culture that may of came from a low class background. Pop culture is known as low culture as people from high culture are meant to be higher compared to them in class and status, therefore people from low culture would not be wanted in high culture activities.

History of Movie Theaters in Louisiana and the Surrounding Area Essay

When we think of the history of the traditional, American movie going, a subjugate of images throw in to mind the mighty organ accompanying a movie palaces silent-era feature, the Iconic searchlights proclaiming a Golden Age Hollywood premiere, teenagers cruising at the local anaesthetic drive in, an audience of otherwise sensibly attired adults wearing cardboard, and young adults carrying tail fin dollar bills to the Cineplex at the end of the m totally in order to imbibe the latest sequel.But while these iconic, even stereotypical, images suggest something of the truth behind the American movie firms history, they also omit a great deal of the well-disposed reality that has co-existed along with these instances of the mainstream filmgoing experience. While Hollywood features and first-run urban theaters may pass water greater champion importance than any other mode of exhibition, a number of other important alternatives have fleshed out audiences encounters with film.One such alternative, with a fascinating yet understudied history all its own, was the unappeasable movie can traffic circle that existed in the United States from (at least) 1907 until the 1970s (Crafton 412). With the project in mind of examining the cultural, social, and stinting history of disastrous film theaters. I will discuss in this analyse the violatement of minatory film theaters in capital of Texas, Texas, focusing especially on that citys longest standing and most prominent show, the Harlem line of business.Although movies came to the Texas peachy before the turn of the blow and all-movie theaters began to proliferate there during Americas post-1905 nickelodeon boom, the first recorded colored film theater the Dixie-Dale opened in Austin in 1920 under the precaution of Joseph Trammell. I found no other details about Trammell or the Dixie-Dale, but it is recorded that after devil twelvemonths the theater was renamed the capital of Nebraska and managed by A. C . Lawson until it closed in 1928 or 1929.Austin also supported a second opprobrious movie house in the 1920s. The Lyric, which opened in 1922, just one block east of the downtown Lincoln, was owned and operated by Dr. Everett H. Givens, a practicing dentist (with an office next door) who would begin Austins most prominent Black civic leader from the 1930s until his death in 1962. For reasons unclear at this point, Dr. Givens Lyric, which changed its name to the Dunbar when A. C. Lawson took over its management in 1929, survived the Lincoln by a few years, closing in 1931.Whether the fist Black film theaters in Austin closed due to the Depression, the cost of converting to sound, or some other reason, is impossible to judge given the paucity of data available about these enterprises. However, placing the existence of the Lincoln and the Lyric in the contexts of both(prenominal) African American life in Austin and the concurrent national Black film theater scene enhances a histori cal understanding of these deuce houses both as business and as entertainment venues. From a national perspective, we know that the motion picture theater, with its roots in the Jim Crow era, had always been study to racial segregation.Sometimes Black patrons were restricted to balconies or other special sections of the theater, but Black-only theaters were common in the United States from at least 1910, a year when a Black newspaper in Washington wrote matter-of- itemly that there are separate motion picture theaters among the whites and blacks in this country(Washington Bee 4). Although at the turn of the century there was hardly a theater for colored people in the entire United States (Negro Yearbook, 24), by 1925, there were at least 425 Black theaters (of all types), virtually all of which offered films in whole or part.Of these, nearly half were, like the Lyric and possibly the Lincoln, Black-owned (Negro Yearbook, 379). But ownership of Black movie houses, in contrast to the first-run, White theaters of the day, was not done by regional or national chains, nor by affiliated circuits because houses operated independently, the dynamics of local conditions of affected theaters like the Lincoln as much as national structure did. Historically, social and economic conditions changed greatly for Austins Black movie houses appeared.During and after Reconstruction, Black neighborhoods had existed in several pickles around Austin Clarksville in west Austin, Kincheonville to the south, Gregoryville in eastmost Austin, Masontown in the southeast. Horses Pasture and Wheatville to the north, and so on (Austin American-Statesman, D41). Compared to other towns of the time, oddly in the South, race relations were fairly calm, albeit within the practice of institutionalized racism.The town boasted three colleges and institutions for colored people, maintained some neighborhoods (such as Masontown) that were racially coordinated among Blacks, Whites, Hispanics, and A sians, and in general obtained a reputation as a town without the major problems of racial violence that plagued most American communities. But during the teens segregation patterns began to develop (Freeman).In 1919 a White representative of the young NAACp was beaten by a White mob in the middle of downtown, and in the 1920s the city of Austin created a Negro district in East Austin inducing blacks to move there by implementing though zoning laws elsewhere (Austin American-Statesman, D41). So it was that the majority of Austins African American population (which has consistently remained at just below 20 percent of Austins total) became grueling in an area east of downtown and between twelfth Street to the north and 7th Street to the south.Not surprisingly, then, both of Austins silent-era Black theaters were built on East 6th Street, near the racial dividing line of East Avenue, within the only downtown shopping and dining district that answerd Black patrons, yet away from the White theater district on the citys main thoroughfare of Congress Avenue. I could uncover little information, however, that would foreshadow the nature or reception of these early movie houses. Longtime Austin resident I. C. Jones recalled visiting the Lincoln as a child, where he remembers a diffused player accompanying the motion picture entertainment.Lonnie Bell, who wrote for the Black press in Austin for 50 years, indicates that in the 1920s both the Lyric and the Lawson Lincoln Theater were among the very few venues for Black entertainment in the city and so did well before the Great Depression in 29. (10)Other information about Everett Givens also indicates that he made the Lyric/Dunbar into a focal point for the Black community, viewing the theater as a civic improvement projects as much as a business investment. Flachmeier 32) That these two movie houses were well received an supported by the Black community can also be inferred from the fact that a 1940 account of Austi n history prepared by students at Tiltson College (a Black institution) referred to the era of 1905 to 1929 as a time when privately owned entertainment centers were developed by Blacks even though no other Black amusements of second were instituted during this period (Brewer 34). As I mentioned earlier, the cause for these theaters demise cannot be ceremonious absolutely, but several factors undoubtedly offer reasonable explanations.Bells assertion that it was the economic devastation of the Depression that closed the Lincoln and Dunbar makes logical economic sense. Black theater owners, like even the big-time operators, would have been hit hard as the US economy collapsed. moreover, inasmuch as movie tickets are purchased with disposable income, Black patrons would have been especially likely to curtail their moviegoing since even before the Depression Blacks in Austin earned only one-half the wage of White workers.More specifically, both houses in Austin would have found it ev en more difficult to cope with the hard times if they attempted to make the costly musical passage to sound technology in the late twenties or early thirties. The Dallas Film Board o Trades statistics on Texas theaters indicate that umteen theaters, especially independently operated ones, closed in the early thirties, having no sound. (In Austin, two of the five White houses, the Crescent and Star, also went out of business in 1929 to 1931. Furthermore, trinity of Texas 30 colored theaters were listed as closed, no sound by the mid-1930s. Other factors may have led to the closure of the Lincoln and Dunbar, but, given the theaters dependence on the patron-age of a small, economically marginalized population, in the midst of a severe depression their failure is not surprising. But the history of Black film theaters in Austin did not end with the closing of the Dunbar in 1931.In that same year, real estate was purchased and construction begun on a new movie house that would serve as the hub of Black filmgoing in Austin for the next 40 years. The Harlem Theater, which opened on October 5, 1935 (Green 9), distinguished itself from the earlier theaters and all subsequent ones by being turn up in the heart of East Austin, at 1800 E. 12 Street, where it could better attract Black moviegoers.However, before discussing the reasons for the Harlems longevity, I point out that although it was Austins only exclusively Black theater, it was not without its competitor for Black audiences. All accounts of Austin in the 1930s and forties agree that the Ritz Theater was the only other house that admitted Black patrons on a regular basis, though customers there were limited to balcony seating and made to use a separate entrance.The Ritz, located on the same block of East 6th street where the Lincoln operated, opened in 1930 under White management, showing a variety of second-run Hollywood films. private instructor J. J. Hegman (and his son after him) maintained the segrega ted seating policy until the Ritzs closing in the early 1960s. More prominent Austin houses, such as those first-run members of the prestigious Interstate Theater Fircuit (the Paramount, Texas, State and Queen), advertised colored midnight shows from time to time as part of the chains overall marketing intrigue (1942 Yearbook).Thus, while there was some competition for the Black filmgoing audience, segregated, White-managed theaters did not attempt to offer African Americans the filmgoing experience and environment of an all-Black house like the Harlem however, the Ritz balcony and special events at other White movie establishments did continue to cultivate and maintain Black filmgoing in the Depression, when no Black Austin theaters were open.Harlem were filled by Black employees with the single exception of the projectionists. But for a small neighborhood theater like the Harlem, any sort of product differentiation whether it was with films, live acts, or ambience would have fail ed to produce enough box offices for the theaters survival. As with any theater, the bulk of the profit came not from fifteen and twenty-five cent admissions, but from concessions. On this count, the Harlem again distinguished itself as unique among Austin theaters.In addition to the usual popcorn, candy and soft drink sales, the Harlem Theater operated a confectionery. When the Harlem opened in the midst of Americas Depression in late 1935, the theater soon established itself as one of Austins most distinct and stable Black-owned businesses. In film industry terms, the Harlems success was small. With only 14,000 African American residents in 1935, Austins market nonplus for Black films was exceedingly limited, and the theater never expanded nor led to a chain of others.But, through a combination of strategic location, product differentiation, managerial conservatism, and diversification, the Harlem Theater was able to stimulate a profitable local business in the midst of an indu stry whose structure tended to favor national giants. Like the Lyric before it, the Harlem was established by a middle-class, Black Austin native who had been educated at Tillotson College and operated successfully in other local business before embarking on a barbarian career in the amusement industry.But George F. Jones, who was already in his forties when he opened the Harlem, also had some experience in programming films for Black audiences. His older brother Evie had purchased an Edison projector in the teens and traveled to tent shows in the South and Black churches in Philadelphia showing church movies (that is, filmed passion plays) to all-Black audiences. After college, five years as a postal clerk, and ten years as a bookkeeper. George F.Jones himself had worked as the head of Prairie View, Texas Auditorium (a film theater) while employed as a clerk at Prairie View State College (1925-35) (Brewer 7). With his wife, Sadie, a Prairie View graduate and educator, Jones was ac tive in the Austin real estate market and their co-partnership became known for accumulating priceless real estate holdings. For the last two decades of his life Jones devoted most of his efforts to managing the Harlem, setting up residence next door to the corner theater upon his elapse to Austin from Prairie View.While his establishment may not have been unique for its time (there were more than three or four hundred Black theaters in the country), the Harlem was remarkable for being only one of seven US theaters owned and operated by Blacks (The Early Days in East Austin, D42). As an experienced theater manager, real estate buyer, and member of Austins African American community. George Jones no doubt realized the importance of the theaters strategic location in determining its success at attracting movegoers.East 12th Street was essentially the Main Street of East Austin (Early Days in East Austin, D42). The area around the Harlem represented a microcosm of African American l ife it was both a quiet neighborhood of residences, churches, grocers, drug stores beauty shops, and cafes, and a place to be going up on the cuts a street where the action and entertainment were, in the form of taverns, beer joints, and (a block away) the Cotton Club and Paradise inn for music and dancing.The Harlem was also part of The End, that area around 12th and Chicon Streets (one block away) where Austins streetcars, until their cessation in 1940, stopped and turned back toward downtown. In essence, those factors which determined that White theaters were centrally located along Congers Avenue transportation proximity, pedestrian traffic, shopping convenience, high visibility similarly made East 12th the choice location for a successful Black movie house.

“Structural and Semantic Properties of Phraseological Units”

, ?. ?. Structural and semantic properties of phraseological social units IV -48 . ?. ?. 2011 Plan Introduction 1. Problems with the definition of phraseological units. The aggroups of phraseological units according their essence 2. Ways of forming of phraseological units 3.Semantic construction of phraseological units Conclusions References Introduction Phraseological units, or idioms, as they be c on the wholeed by most western scholars, re deport what earth-closet probably be described as the most picturesque, colourful and expressive part of the languages vocabulary. If synonyms discharge be figuratively referred to as the tints and colours of the vocabulary, then phraseology is a kind of picture gallery in which argon quiet vivid and am employ sketches of the nations customs, traditions and prejudices, recollections of its past history, scraps of folk songs and fairy-tales.Quotations from great poets be preserve here alongside the du bious pearls of philistine wisdom and crude slang witticisms, for phraseology is non to a greater extentover the most colourful just now probably the most democratic bea of vocabulary and draws its resources mostly from the genuinely(prenominal) depths of popular speech. Our abstract is devoted to the problem of defining the phraseological units and to their structural and semantic features. We try to analyze the whole works of different scholars, which researched these questions and to systematize their conclusions. Problems with the definition of phraseological units.The groups of phraseological units according their meaning In modern linguistics, thither is considerable murkiness near the terminology associated with these word-groups. Most Russian and Ukrainian scholars use the term phraseological unit, which was first introduced by Academician V. V. Vinogradov whose contribution to the theory of Russian phraseology cannot be overestimated. The term idiom, widely utilis e by western scholars, has comparatively recently found its way into Russian and Ukrainian phraseology but is applied mostly to only a certain type of phraseological unit as it will be clear from further explanations.There be some(prenominal) other terms denoting more or less the comparable linguistic phenomenon set-phrases, phrases, fixed word-groups, collo guy ropeions. The confusion in the terminology reflects insufficiency of positive or wholly current criteria by which phraseological units can be distinguished from free word-groups. It should be detailed out at once that the license of free word-groups is relative and arbitrary. Nothing is entirely free in speech as its linear relationships are governed, restricted and regulated, on the ace hand, by requirements of logic and common sense and, on the other, by the rules of grammar and combinability.One can turn to of a black-eyed girl but not of a black-eyed table (unless in a piece of music of modernistic poetry where some(prenominal)thing is possible). Also, to say the nestling was glad is quite correct, but a glad child is wrong because in Modern English glad is attributively use only with a very limited number of nouns (e. g. glad news), and names of persons are not among them. Free word-groups are so called not because of any absolute freedom in using them but simply because they are each(prenominal) condemn built up anew in the speech process where as idioms are used as ready-made units with fixed and constant structures.So we can give the definition of each type of unit wedded above to use them correctly. First of all, set-phrases imply that the basic criterion of differentiation is stability of the lexical comp mavennts and well-formed structure of word-groups. The term word-equivalent stresses not only semantic but overly functional inseparability of certain word-groups, their appositeness to function in speech as single words. A collocation is two or more words that often go to gether. These combinations just sound right to native English speakers, who use them all the time.On the other hand, other combinations may be unnatural and just sound wrong. Look at these examples the fast train the quick train fast food quick food The term idioms primary(prenominal)ly implies that the essential feature of the linguistic units under consideration is idiomaticity or lack of demand. Uriel Weinreich expresses his view that an idiom is a complex phrase, the meaning of which cannot be derived from the meanings of its elements. He developed a more truthful supposition, claiming that an idiom is a subset of a phraseological unit.Ray Jackendoff and Charles Fillmore offered a fairly broad definition of the idiom, which, in Fillmores words, reads as follows an idiomatic cheek or construction is something a language user could fail to know while knowing everything else in the language. Chafe also lists four features of idioms that wreak them anomalies in the traditiona l language unit prototype ? non-compositionality ? ansformational defectiveness ? ungrammaticality ? frequency asymmetry.Generally speaking, the term idiom, both in our country and abroad, is mostly applied to phraseological units with all transferred meanings, that is, to the ones in which the meaning of the whole unit does not correspond to the current meanings of the components. According to the type of meaning phraseological units may be classified into (classification given by Ryzhkova) ? Idioms ? Semi-idioms ? Phraseomatic units. Idioms are phraseological units with a transferred meaning. They can be wholly or partially transferred red tape.Semi-idioms are phraseological units with two phraseosemantic meanings terminological and transferred chain reaction, to lay down the arms. Phraseomatic units are not transferred at all. Their meanings are literal the begging of the end pins and needles. As we can see there is no one specific definition for such phenomenon as phraseologi cal units. Different scholars make their own suggestions, which are worth to be considered. Weve outlined the main of them which are necessary to know dealing with this problem in the process of studying of the English language.Ways of forming of phraseological units As we deal with the structure of phraseological units its necessary to pay upkeep to the classification given by A. V. Koonin. He distinguishes the groups of phraseological units according to the way they are organise. Primary ways of forming phraseological units are those when a unit is organize on the basis of a free word-group a) Most productive in Modern English is the formation of phraseological units by centre of transferring the meaning of terminological word-groups, e. . in cosmic proficiency we can point out the following phrases launching pad in its terminological meaning is , in its transferred meaning , to link up ? in its trans make meaning it means . b) A large group of phraseological units was formed from free word-groups by transforming their meaning, e. g. granny farm , Trojan horse . ) Phraseological units can be formed by means of alliteration, e. g. a sad sack , culture vulture , , fudge and nudge . d) They can be formed by means of expressiveness, especially it is characteristic for forming interjections, e. g. My aunt , Hear, hear etc e) They can be formed by means of distorting a word group, e. g. odds and ends was formed from odd ends. f) They can be formed by using archaisms, e. g. in brown study means in gloomy venture where both components preserve their archaic meanings, g) They can be formed by using a sentence in a different sphere of life, e. g. that cock wont fight can be used as a free word-group when it is used in sports (cock fighting), it becomes a phraseological unit when it is used in everyday life, because it is used metaphorically h) They can be formed when we use some unreal image, e. g. to hand over butterflies in the stomach , to have green fingers etc. ) i) They can be formed by using expressions of writers or politicians in everyday life, e. g. corridors of power (Snow), American dream (Alby) locust years (Churchil), the winds of change (M? Millan). vicarious ways of forming phraseological units are those when a phraseological unit is formed on the basis of another phraseological unit they are a) Conversion, e. g. to vote with ones feet was converted into vote with ones feet. b) Changing the grammar form, e. g. Make hay while the sun shines is transferred into a verbal phrase to make hay while the sun shines. ) Analogy, e. g. oddness killed the cat was transferred into Care killed the cat. d) Contrast, e. g. cold surgery a planned before operation was formed by contrasting it with acute surgery thin cat a poor person was formed by contrasting it with fat cat. e) Shortening of proverbs or sayings e. g. from the proverb You cant make a silk purse out of a sows ear by means of cartridge clip the mi ddle of it the phraseological unit to make a sows ear. f) Borrowing phraseological units from other languages, either as translation loans, e. . living space (German), to shit the bull by the horns (Latin) or by means of phonetic borrowings meche blanche (French), corpse delite (French), sotto voce (Italian) etc. Phonetic borrowings among phraseological units refer to the bookish style and are not used very often. A. V. Koonin distinguishes such types of the phraseological units according the principles given above 1) Nominative a with child(p) nut to crack. They are subdivided into ? Substantive crocodile tears ? Adjective as mad as a hatter as cool as a cucumber ?Adverbial by & by to & fro ? communicative to live the likes of a lord. 2) Nominative-communicative the ice is broken 3) Interjectional & modal emotions, feelings Oh, my eye (= Oh, my God ) as sure as eggs is eggs (, 2?2) 4) Communicative proverbs, sayings There is no bum without fire. This classification is call ed structural-semantic one and the phraseological units are grouped depending on the components they are formed by and on the meaning these units express. Semantic structure of phraseological unitsThe semantic structure of phraseological units by professor V. N. Teliya is formed by semantic ultimate constituents called macrocomponents of meaning. There are the following principal macrocomponents in the semantic structure of phraseological units 1. Denotational (descriptive) macrocomponent contains the information about the objective reality, it is the procedure connected with categorization, i. e. the classification of phenomena of the reality, based on the typical idea about what is denoted by a phraseological unit (about denotatum). 2.Evaluational macrocomponent contains the information about the value of what is denoted by a phraseological unit, i. e. what value the speaker sees in this or that object / phenomenon of reality the denotatum. The rational evaluation may be a) posit ive a syndicate from home a place or situation where one feels completely happy and at ataraxis b) negative the lions den a place of great danger c) apathetic in the flesh in bodily form. 3. Motivational macrocomponent correlates with the notion of the inner form of phraseological unit.The notion motivation of a phraseological unit can be delineate as the aptness of the literal reading of a unit to be associated with the denotational and evaluational tantrums of meaning. For example, the literal reading of the phraseological unit to have broad shoulders is physical strength of a person. The idea is indicative of a persons strength becomes the base for transference and forms the meaning of existence able to bear the full weight of ones responsibilities. . Emotive macrocomponent is the contents of subjective musical mode expressing feeling-relation to what is denoted by a phraseological unit within the range of approval / disapproval, for example, a leading light in somethin g a person who is important in a particular group (spoken with approval), to lead a cat and dog life used to describe a husband and wife who quarrel furiously with each other most of the time (spoken with disapproval). . Stylistic macrocomponent points to the communicative register in which a phraseological unit is used and to the social-role relationships between the participants of communication a) formal sick at heart very sad b) informal be sick to death to be angry and bored because something unpleasant has been happening for too long c) neutral pass by on the other side to ignore a person who needs support. 6.Grammatical macrocomponent contains the information about all possible morphological and syntactic changes of a phraseological unit, for instance, to be in heavy water = to be in deep waters to take away smbs breath = to take smbs breath away Achilless heel = the heel of Achilles. 7. sexual urge macrocomponent may be convey explicitly, i. e. determined by the str ucture and / or semantics of a phraseological unit, and in that case it points out to the class of objects denoted by the phraseological unit men, women, people (both men and women).For instance, compare the phraseological units every Tom, Dick and Harry meaning every or any man and every Tom, Dick and Sheila which denotes every or any man and woman. Gender macrocomponent may be expressed implicitly and then it denotes the initial (or historical) reference of a phraseological unit, for example, to wash ones dirty linen in public discuss or argue about ones personal affairs in public. The implicit presence of the sex macrocomponent in this phraseological unit is conditioned by the idea about traditional womens work (cf. with Ukrainian ? ).The implicit gender macrocomponent is defined within the range of three modelual spheres masculine, feminine, intergender. Compare, for instance, the implicitly expressed intergender macrocomponent in to feel like royalty meaning to feel like a member of the Royal Family, to feel majestic and its counterparts, i. e. phraseological units with explicitly expressed gender macrocomponent, to feel like a queen and to feel like a king. So the semantic structure of phraseological unit is a complex formation with different referential, significant and connotative of(predicate) aspects of meaning.The denotative aspect of phraseological meaning is the word subject named by this unit 1) relation between a lexical unit and an extralanguage subject or phenomena, 2) subject denotation the significant aspect is a phraseological unit concept a reflection of certain object concept in human consciousness the connotative aspect is emotionally-expressive side and stylistic colouring of phraseological unit additional word content, its stylistic colouring that superpose upon the main word meaning and convey emotionally-expressive and estimative attitude of the speaker to the denoted object.Correlation of these aspects in different types of ph raseological units is different. One of the aspects may succeed and it causes certain influence of a phraseological unit on the communicative process. In comparative phraseological units significant and connotative aspects predominate. The communicative contribution of phraseological units of this type is fixed with the help of certain object determination, in which they carry practical(a) characteristic defined by emotionally-expressive factor of their meaning. Conclusions Phraseological units are very specific part of any language.It should be noted, however, that no proper scientific investigation of English phraseology has been attempted until quite recently. English and American linguists as a rule confine themselves to collecting various words, word-groups and sentences presenting some interest either from the point of view of origin, style, usage, or some other feature peculiar to them. These units are habitually described as idioms, but no attempt has been made to investig ate these idioms as a separate class of linguistic units or a specific class of word-groups. We systematized the observations of A. V. Koonin, V. N. Teliya, G.Antrushyna connected with the structural and semantic properties of the phraseological units. Using their works we defined several classifications according the ways of forming and according semantic structure. For example, the types of the phraseological units distinguished by A. V. Koonin 1) Nominative (with subgroups) 2) Nominative-communicative 3) Interjectional & modal 4) Communicative. any classifications mentioned above exist simultaneously and describes the main features of the phraseological units 1) Integrity (or transference) of meaning means that none of the idiom components is eparately associated with any referents of objective reality, and the meaning of the whole unit cannot be deduced from the meanings of its components 2) Stability (lexical and grammatical) means that no lexical telephone exchange is possib le in an idiom in comparison with free or variable word-combinations (with an exception of some cases when such substitutions are made by the author intentionally). The experiments conducted in the 1990s showed that the meaning of an idiom is not exactly identical to its literal paraphrase given in the dictionary entry.That is why we may speak about lexical flexibility of many units if they are used in a creative manner. lexical stability is usually accompanied by grammatical stability which prohibits any grammatical changes 3) Separability means that the structure of an idiom is not something indivisible, certain modifications are possible within certain boundaries. Here we meet with the questionable lexical and grammatical variants. To illustrate this point we shall give some examples as hungry as a wolf (as a hunter), as safe as a house (houses). 4) Expressivity and emotiveness means that idioms are also characterized by stylistic colouring.In other words, they evoke emotions or add expressiveness. On the whole phraseological units, even if they present a certain pattern, do not generate new phrases. They are unique. Interlanguage comparison, the aim of which is the vulnerability of phraseological conformities, forms the basis of a number of theoretical and applied trends of modern linguistic research, including the theory and practice of phraseography. save the question of determining the factors of interlanguage phraseological conformities as the main concept and the criterion of choosing phraseological equivalents and analogues as the aspect concepts is assuage at issue.The analysis of special literature during the last decades shows that the majority of linguists consider the coincidence of semantic structure, grammatical (or syntactical) organization and componential (lexeme) structure the main criteria in defining the types of interlanguage phraseological conformities / disparities with the undoubted primacy of semantic structure. References 1. ? . ?. / ?. ?. ?. , 1963. 208 ?. 2. ?. ?. . / ?. ?. , ?. ?. , ?. ?. ?. , 1999. 288 ?. 3. ?. ?. . - ? . . / ?. ?. ?. . , 1986. 295 ?. 4. . . . / ?. ?. . ?. - , 2006. 784?. 5. ?. ?. ? / ?. ?. // . ? . ?. , 1977. ?. 140 161. 6. ?. ?. - ? . . / ?. ?. , ?. ?. , ?. ?. , ?. ?. ?. . , 1979. 169 ?. 7. ?. ?. . . - ? - . . / ?. ?. ?. , 1989. 126 ?. 8. ?. ?. - / ?. ?. ?. , 2005. 1210 ?. 9. ?. ?. / ?. ?. ?. , 1972. 288 ?. 10. Arnold I. V. The English intelligence information / Arnold I. V. M. , 1986. 296 ?.

Zurkhaneh

The Ho use up of Strength forward western influence, ancient Persians participated in numerous sporting events, much standardized the Greeks and their Olympics. Iranians though prided themselves in a type of w lightling called Koshti Pahlavani or Heroic Wrestling, where they would do graceful but powerful moves to thole their opp whiznts. In order to make grow for events such as this, they developed a place to go to relieve oneself the strength, power, and natural selection necessary to master their event. This place was known as the Zurkhaneh or House of Strength.The Zurkhaneh was primarily a place to train and cook closer to God, through weight training, because strength was seen as just aboutthing godly. The Zurkhaneh ho apply the one true Iranian room of weight training, Varzesh-e-Pahlavni or The Workout of Heroes. This workout was a 60-90 minute system of different lifts and customs all in alignment to the beat of drums and bells. Now although there ar many practi ced parts to the Zurkhaneh, like who leads it and different levels and rankings (much like those of Karate and Tae K win Do), I am going to focus specifically on the weight training aspect of the Varzesh.These exercises include the warm-ups, Takhteh-Shena, Narmesh (aka Calisthenics), Meel exercises, Charkhidan, Pazadan, Kabbadeh Keshidan, Sang exercises, and Shelang-Takhteh. Each part of the full exercise to the full flora different parts of the persons body. In the 90 minute period, the heap in the Zurkhaneh start by warming up. They do callisthenic exercises like jumping on one foot and tiresome walking to achieve a dynamic stretch. They use the dynamic stretch as a way to prepare for the rigorous exercise they have ahead of them. Right after(prenominal) this warm-up, the people start doing pushups with the Takhteh-Shena.The Takhteh-Shena is a woody plank that elevates you a little bit so that you do incline push-ups instead of categorical push-ups. There are a few types of push-ups that they do including a regular push-up with the hip raised, a push-up with the legs spreading wide-apart, and push-ups with a twist. These push-ups deliver a good chest and bicep workout, testing endurance as well as flexibility. Once they finish these push-up exercises, they do a nonher round of calisthenics to further stretch their muscles for what is ahead. The next exercise in the lineup is the Meel Greiftan or Club Exercises.The Meel is a giant club weighing 10-30 kg (or 22-66 lbs) that is utilize in a few more exercises. This is the most physically demanding of the exercises because of the sheer weight of the clubs. This workout plant life power as well as strength, making it a great beginning to a workout. What the people do with these clubs first is entrust their consecrates nigh the handle and then twist the club around their shoulders in a continuous circular doubtfulness. This full motion gives an velocity body workout, primarily to the triceps, and sh oulders (with some bicep workout).Immediately succeeding this exercise is the exercise of juggling these clubs. The lifters throw the clubs in the air and juggle them. They do use smaller weights, and only a specific specialized group of them allow for do this activity. It is a sever for them. The juggling does test hand-eye coordination but also uses biceps and triceps but isnt as draining as the go around of the clubs. Once this is assoild they move on to the endurance part of their exercise. The Charkhidan is a rotating or spinning saltation that they do in the Zurkhaneh. This dance is a constant spin that gets progressively faster.The person is supposed to obtain their max speed before the end of the dance. This spinning increases their balance and agility. The more skillful spinners lose comp permite dizziness and can spin for a lengthy period of time. The time and speed are critical in this exercise because if the person doesnt go for a lengthy time and high speed, they wont work endurance. Endurance is the main reason for this exercise. Following this dance is a garment of footwork drills. These set as another break in the workout, with continuing movement being the main motivation. The footwork drills really are what we call warm-ups.They jump on one foot or two feet while moving their accouterments in different directions. This constant stretching answers the muscles tear and repair faster so that the person will not feel as much pain after the exercise. Now mind you, all of these exercises were meant to train warriors. The next few exercises were aimed towards ancient Persian warriors. The next part of the routine is the pulling of Kabbadeh or compress bow. This bow varies from 10-50kg (22-110 lbs) based on how many weights the bow has on the metallic chain. It is a very embarrassing exercise and is only done by those who are masters at it.What you do with the bow is you put it at arm length away from your body, and you shake it violently in a 360 degree motion around your head. You do this until you cannot do it anymore. As you can see, this becomes extremely tiring, working the triceps, chest and shoulders heavily. This trains power and endurance because you are using high weights at a high velocity of shaking while doing it for a long period of time. This exercise is meant to be done in minutes not seconds. To also help balance, some athletes spin in a circle while shaking the bow. What I feel is the most demanding pep pill body exercises is one of the make it ones.This is a unilateral push of shields or sang. These wooden shields are about 20kg a piece, totaling to a 90 lbs. press. Each arm extends with the shield in hand while doing what is widely known as a Russian twist. The athlete may not let the two shields touch and the shields may not touch the ground until they do the minimum of 50 doubling rotations. This is seen as a major disrespect to the gym. It is clear already that this exercise works enduranc e and not so much power because there are so many repetitions. The person (with their legs elevated 6 inches above ground) twists their body while simultaneously pushing the latter shield upwards.This unilateral push works out the chest and triceps while the elevated legs work the core. As you can see, this, along with other Iranian exercises stretches the body while simultaneously working the upper body. Another way of lifting them is straight up, just like a dumbbell unilateral bench press, but that is used more with the novices. Immediately following this is a round of Koshti or wrestling. The people in the Zurkhaneh are very tired and must use the rest of their body in the wrestling match, seeing as their upper body is completely worked.This leads into the final exercise. The last exercise, which is part of the warm down, is a walk that gradually increases to a run and finally to a run around the room. In no part of this training session do they do a silent stretch. This shows how even in the ancient times, they knew that stretching and warming down with movement was beneficial to muscle repair. after(prenominal) the run, the athletes proceed to do jumping activities and sprints. The most enjoyable part of this exercise is at the end where the athletes get in a circle and massage each other down.They tend to focus on the upper body, seeing as most of the workout was aimed towards upper body performance. This massaging helps reduce muscle pain after the training session and in the morning. The training in these Houses of Strength show that there were ancient shipway of weight training and that even without modern science, the ideals of strength and fitness remained the same. The Iranian heroic training stresses upper body lifting as well as the importance of core exercises. A heavy training of balance, endurance, and the triceps is used because in wrestling and battle they are essential to victory.Overall this weight training technique is powerive beca use of its effect on the toning and conditioning of humans and their muscles. The Varzesh-e-Pahlavani is a pioneer of modern weight training. Works Cited www. pahlavani. com/ www. zurkhaneh. com Koozehchian, Hashem & Izadi, Behzad, Zoorkhaneh The Iranian handed-down Gymnasium Amirtash, Ali-Mohamad, Zoorkhaneh and Varzesh-E-Bastani, Video Reference http//resistancetraining. wordpress. com/2006/11/19/traditional-iranian-martial-arts-varzesh-e-pahlavani/

After the Second World War

After the Second World War, the horse opera European countries, which were in a rapid development process, tried to meet the deficiencies in their labor supply from neighboring countries in the South, relatively less developed. This request directed to bomb in the early 60s. Turkish emigration to Western Europe begins by the agreement with Germany made in 1961.This followed similar agreements with Austria, Belgium, and the Netherlands in 1964, with France in 1965, and Switzerland in 1967. Additionally, Turkey has implemented its first five-year development plan in 1962. In line with this plan, increasing labor exports was considered a plan goal, along with measures to curb population growth.In the years 1966-67, the German automobile industry, which the Turks worked extensively, had crisis and about 70,000 Turkish workers had fired. Workers who lost their jobs tried to find jobs in neighboring countries such as Holland, Belgium, Denmark, and those who could not find render with th eir coworkers for a while.The Turkish immigration process which was based on the individual invitation coiffe and the institutional invitation format before symmetrical agreements were signed. This process for the central regions, where labor is dominant from the surrounding regions, is the first phase of outside(a) labor migration that has never lost its unwavering social, economic, cultural and political dimensions.In the early years of migration until the mid-70s, the bulk of immigrants were physically robust men who successfully passed through health checks. This trend gained momentum after 1963 with the partnership agreement signed between Turkey and the EEC. The following governments supported immigration.The promotion of worker migration has been carried out as the formalized policy of the Turkish States since the beginning. Due to the economic crisis brought by the oil embargo in Western European countries, there have been significant changes in the structure of Turkis h migrants, especially after 1973, when they stopped the recruitment of workers from Turkey.The Family Reunification Act, which first took effect in the Federal Republic of Germany at the beginning of March 1974, created a situation allowing Turkish immigrant workers to bring their family members to the countries they found. Since then, the family reunification process has become the main channel of legal immigration to European countries and has continued with the ongoing applications for marriage, illegal immigration and asylum for political purposes.Based on bilateral agreements with Germany on October 30, 1961 by the state initiated the process of Germanys Turkish emigration was legally terminated with stopping the aspiration of labor migration from Turkey on November 30, 1973.However, despite all the measures taken during certain periods of the migration movement, it is a known particular that it has been associated with global dynamics and is a systematic migration style.

Intro lit. Grammatical person Essay

An IntroductionWhat Is Literature and Why Do We Study It? Literature Roberts and Jacobs a composition that tells a story, dramatizes a billet, expresses emotions, analyzes and advocates ideas helps us grow psycheally and intellectually language in wasting disease hence inseparable from it product of a particular culture even more culture-bound than language makes us humanLiterary GenresFour genres of literatureProse fiction Epic myths, legends, fables, novels, short storiesPoetry Open play and closed form Relies on imagery, figurative language, soundDrama Made up of dialogue and raiment direction Designed to be performedNonfiction prose News reports, feature articles, essays, editorials, textbooks, historical and biographical works manufacture-any imaginative recreation and reconstruction of life which includes short stories and novels-myth and legend origins and extraordinary events like wars, conquests, births, death, as wellhead as the phenomena of natureElements of Fiction 1. Setting a works natural, manufactured, political, cultural and temporal environment, including everything that characters hit the hay and own (place, time, objects) Its purpose is to establish realism or verisimilitude, to organize a story, and to create atmosphere or mood. It may reinforce conditionment of characters and theme.2. Charactersthe representations of a human beingClassification of fictional characters Round (dynamic) = lifelike, fully-developed and recognizes changes in and adjusts to the circumstances Flat = no growth, static Stock = representative of a group or folk (stereotypical) Protagonist = the hero or heroine, main person in the story, person on the quest, etc. enemy = the person causing the conflict, in opposition to the protagonist, the obstacle, etc.Five ways of distinguishing literary characters1. Actions2. Descriptions3. hammy arguments and thoughts4. Statements by other characters5. Statements by the author speaking as storyteller, or observ er3. Plot and social structurethe way the actions are arranged in the storyreflection of motivation and causation*In the story, the magnate died and then the king died shortly after. Conflict controlling impulse in a connected number of causes and effects Opposition of two or more forces (e.g., hatred, envy, anger, argument, avoidance, gossip, lies, fighting, etc.) -can be internal (man vs. himself) or external (man vs. portion/condition/other characters) Dilemma conflict within or for wizard person Conflict is a major element of plot because it arouses curiosity, causes doubt, and creates tension then producing interest among readers/audience.LITERARY DEVICEflashbackforeshadowinglocal anesthetic color the superficial elements of setting, dialect, and customsClosed Plots1) Linear arranged chronologically2) Circular combination of unidimensional and flashback3) In Medias Res begins in the middle part of the actionStructure of Closed PlotsPYRAMID soma OF DEVELOPMENTExpo sitionComplicationCrisisClimaxResolution (Denouement)4. Point of View Refers to vocaliser, narrator, persona or vocalisation created by the author to tell the story Point of view depends on two factors Physical situation of the narrator as an observer Speakers intellectual and emotional position First person I, we Third person He, she, they (most common)Omniscient all-knowing delves into the minds of the characters at any point in the story restrain omniscient some insight5. Theme (Donne)Theme embodies meaning, interpretation, explanation and significance of every detail in a literary piece along with determine in order to appreciate it. It is not as obvious as character or setting. It is important to consider the meaning of what has been read and then develop an explanatory and comprehensive assertion. It points out the significant truth about life and human nature that is illustrated in the actions, preoccupations, and decisions of the characters. It is not just some fami liar saying or moral. Theme can be arrange in any of these direct statements by the authorial voice direct statements by a first-person speaker dramatic statements by characters figurative language, characters who stand for ideas the work itself as a wholeTheme should be1. expressed in complete statements2. stated as a generalization about life.3. a statement that accounts for all major details in the story 4. be stated in more than one way5. should avoid statements that reduce the theme to some familiar saying6. Imagesconcrete qualities rather than cop meanings which appeal to the five senses7. SymbolismSymbols stand for something other than themselves. They bring to mind not their own concrete qualities, but the idea or abstraction that is associated with them. Symbol creates a direct, meaningful equation between & among a specific object, scene, character, or action ideas, values, persons or ways of lifeSymbols may be Archetypes (universal) = known by most literate people and have usually been used in most literary pieces therefore becoming representative figures (e.g., white dove, color black) Contextual (authorial) = private, created by the author Allegory = complete and independent narrative (e.g., Young Goodman Brown) Fable = stories about animals that possess human traits (e.g., Aesops Fables) Parable = fable with moral or religious bent (e.g., Biblical stories) Myth = story that embodies and codifies religious, philosophical and cultural values of the civilization in which it is pile upd (e.g., George Washington chopping down the cherry tree) Allusion = the use of other culturally well-known(a) works from the Bible, Greek and Roman mythology, famous art, etc.8. Tone and Style Tone = methods by which writers and speakers reveal attitudes or feelings Style = ways in which writers assemble words to tell the story, to develop an argument, dramatize the play, compose the poem Essential aspect of style is dictionChoice of words in the service of fieldFormal = standard or elegant wordsNeutral = everyday standard vocabulary loose = colloquial, substandard language, slang Language may be Specific = images General = broad classes Concrete = qualities of neighboring(a) perception Abstract = broader, less palpable qualities Denotation = word meanings Connotation = word suggestions Verbal irony = contradictory statements One thing said, opposite is meant Irony = satire, parody, sarcasm Understatement = does not fully describe the immenseness of a situation deliberately Hyperbole (overstatement) = words far in excess of the situation

Relations between o. henry’s life and the story “buried treasure”

O. total heat was natural in September 11, 1862 as William Sydney doorkeeper in Greensboro, North Carolina. hall porters obtain, Argentina Sidney Porter worked as a physician ( allege print, 08). Unfortunately, Porters mother died when he was aged three and was so raised by his grandmother and aunt. Porter was an enthusiastic reader but he discontinued schoolhouse at the age of 15 years. He started working in a drug baloney and afterward on a ranch in Texas.He then went to Houston where among other jobs he worked as a bank clerk. Money was found to be missing from the bank he was working in and he was required to stand trial but he fled to avoid trial. He returned to Austria when he heard that his wife was in her death bed in 1897. He was convicted of embezzlement of funds although there questions arose over his guilt. He was jailed in 1898 till 1901. He wrote his first works in Penitentiary at Columbus, which tag his c beer start as an author.In his work, Buried Treasure, there are various aspects of O. Henrys life that are related to the story. It is indicated in his biography that he wrote ab let on the life of habitual people in New York City (On-line literature, 08). In the story, he says that his idea of a happy internal is an eight room house in a groove of live oaks by the side of a charco on a Texas prime, a piano, an automatic player and ponies. This reflects the wishes of most ordinary people.Another fact in the authors life that is related to his work on the buried treasure is his education. O. Henry dropped step to the fore of school at the age of 15 years old meaning he never accomplish his college education. This is reflected in the story as he reveals now and again his contempt for college education.This is brought forward by his side towards Goodloe Banks who is a young man from college. O. Henry wrote that Goodloe Banks ran to books, manners, culture, rowing, intellect and clothes while he was more into baseball game and Frida y-night debating societies and more by way of culture and good horseback ride (Classical reader, 08). O. Henry clearly brings out the fact that education is not always the key as the character Goodloe Banks is portrayed as better but his education does not lead him to the treasure. Goodloes education is portrayed to be for exploitation as the character Ed exploits him to get to the buried treasure in this case Miss May Martha Mangum.Porters father, Algernon Sidney Porter, was a physician. Although a lot is not said about him, O. Henry at any(prenominal) point could be referring to him in the story Buried Treasure. In the story, May Marthas father is said to be a man behind whiskers and spectacles. He is an etymologist. Scientists in the story are said to be apt to be absent- minded. Algernon Sidney Porter is obviously in the same category of scientists and thence O. Henry could be indirectly referring to him as absent-minded.Finally, in the book 41 stories, Porter is said to have gone to Texas primarily for health reasons and worked on a sheep ranch and lived with a family that had close ties with the Porters family in North Carolina (O.Henry, 84). Porter gathered knowledge of ranch life which he describes in the story Buried Treasure. In the story, the character, Ed, is said to want to retire to a ranch with three green heads of cattle in Texas.Works Cited ListClassical Reader (2008). Buried Treasure (Options). Viewed on fifteenth March, 2008 at http//www.classicreader.com/read.php/sid.6/bookid.973/O. Henry. Selected Stories. Guy Davenport Viking Penguin. 1993O. Henry. 41 Stories. Burton Raffel New American Library. 1984Online Literature (2008). O. Henry-Biography and Works. Viewed on 15th March, 2008 at http//www.online-literature.com/o_henry/Read Print (2008). O. Henry-Books and Biography. Viewed on 15th March, 2008 at http//www.readprint.com/author-45/o_henry