What Is The Digital Millennium Copyright Act - 813 Words

I was not that long ago when a friend wanted to borrow a book all that needed to happen was to go inside and locate the physical book and hand it to them. Once the book was loaned out, you no longer had possession and could not read the book until it was returned. No special software or devices were needed to enjoy sharing and reading a book owned by a friend or associate. These books were still covered by copyright protection, but sharing your favorite author was easy and fun. It was not long after computers became more mainstream that books and other media could be found digitally produced by the author, creator or publisher. With this advancement came the ability to share a book or other media with a friend while retaining the original†¦show more content†¦What if the content server is not available? Temporary outages are common in the IT world, but what if the content server was permanently gone and no longer supported. Think about 8 tracks and cassette tapes. It will no t be long, if not already, where mainstream individual will not be able to play the content on that old format. There is also privacy concerns with a proprietary system. We do not know what information is really sent to Adobe.There is also a price concern. Part of the cost of digital media lies in the price of the DRM protection,which can be expensive especially for smaller artists or production companies. There are plenty of positive and negatives to be found, so where does this leave Adobe in the DMR space for the future? The trend for DRM can be seen with a recent ruling by W3C to standardize DRM content on the web. Though this ruling is far from perfect, and might even be worse than the current version, it does create a standard (Kastrenakes, 2017) . As with most first version standards, there is a way to go in making it work for most or all situations, but the trend is clear. Once a standard is created, nobody really owns it, so companies including open source versions are free to enter the market and produce a affordable competing product that everyone can use. DRM software is in place to protect the artist, writer andShow MoreRelated The Effects of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 The verb copy is defined as â€Å"To reproduce an original.† (Webster, 57-58) This idea of copying has been around for hundreds of years. In the current time, laws have had to be written to protect against the idea of copying someone else’s work. There are ways around the copyright laws. â€Å"A copy is in violation of a copyright if the original can be â€Å"perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated by or from the copy, directlyRead MoreCensorship And The Media Of Censorship1407 Words   |  6 Pagesentire Internet. Public’s right to privacy and censorship awareness is a very real thing we should come to realize and analyze. Censorship affects the public in very real ways, it can both aid and deter the spread of propaganda. People need to consider what type of information is being spread through these outlets. Focused on how people perceived as such actions with fear and uneasiness, it’s fair to note that contrast between censoring and right to freely spread information. It can lead to an increaseRead MoreUSAs Copyright Law1487 Words   |  6 PagesCopyright Law 1.Copyright law offers copyright holders the exclusive right to reproduce, distribute, and publicly perform copyrighted work (Carnes). The copyright holder has the authority to govern how the copyrighted material is distributed by giving specific permissions in writing. Without a specific written permission, no one has the rights to distribute or sell the copyrighted work. By selling collections that contain the whole program of the copyrighted material, Software of the Month ClubRead MoreEssay about The Digital Millennium Copyright Act1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe Digital Millennium Copyright Act Signed into law by President Clinton on October 28, 1998, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) was the foundation of an effort by Congress to implement United States treaty obligations and to move the nations copyright law into the digital age. (Executive Summary DMCA Report) While this seems a valid description of the law, perhaps a more accurate interpretation lies in the following statement: The DMCA is a piece of legislation rushed throughRead More Copyrights: Intellectual Property and Technology Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesCopyrights: Intellectual Property and Technology The Government and many other agencies around the world are continuously at work to improve protections for intellectual property rights and the enforcement of intellectual property laws. In today’s age of digital madness, passing legislation and actually enforcing of those laws becomes a very daunting task. However, the protection of intellectual property has both individual and social benefits. It protects the right of the creator of something ofRead MoreDigital Technology And Its Effects On The World1639 Words   |  7 Pagesexperienced vast improvements in technology and what seems as an endless expansion of the Internet, and as a result, laws and legislation have had to evolve was well. Technologists and policymakers exist in â€Å"two worlds, â€Å"two cultures† when it comes to viewing a problem and developing a solution. Nevertheless, technologist and policymakers have been up against some very complex issues such as how to control piracy of copyrighted digita l media. However, copyright owners have sought out legal means to protectRead MoreReading Copyright and the Issue of Downloading Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesReading Copyright and the Issue of Downloading When you buy music legally, there is usually a copyright mark somewhere on the product. Stolen music generally does not bear a copyright mark or warning. Either way, the copyright law still applies. A copyrighted creative work does not have to be marked as such to be protected by law. â€Å"The copyright allows the holder to control the reproduction, display, distribution, and performance of a protected work,† (Corley, Moorehead,, Reed, SheddRead More The Digitial Millenium Copyright Act Essay3311 Words   |  14 PagesMillenium Copyright Act As current lawsuits unfold and the history of the Internet progresses, the debate over the future of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act thrives. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, signed into law by President Clinton on October 28, 1998, was written in an attempt to strike a balance between the rights of a work’s creator to receive adequate compensation and society’s fundamental right to freedom of information. The bottom line is that the objective of the Digital MillenniumRead MoreCopyright And Public Domain Within The Entertainment Industry907 Words   |  4 PagesCaitlin Davis Project Proposal Assignment Dr. Fox-Horton 19 February 2017 Copyright and Public Domain within the Entertainment Industry What aspects make up intellectual property? How is it protected? According to Leslie Ellen Harris, it is important to shed light on just what copyright is. She writes, â€Å"Section 102 of the U.S. Copyright Act states the following: In no case does copyright protection for an original work of authorship extend to any idea, procedure, process, system, methodRead MoreImpact Of The Digital Millennium Copyright Act On Copyright Enforcement And Fair Use3378 Words   |  14 PagesImpact of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act on Copyright Enforcement and Fair Use Jean-Paul Muyshondt University of North Carolina Wilmington Abstract The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 has changed the focus of copyright enforcement away from the act of copyright infringement and toward the act of circumvention of the technologies used to protect the rights of digital media owners. Additionally, the act has had adverse effects that outweigh the benefits that it provides. Key Words:

Essay about Descartes Third Meditation Proof of Gods...

Descartes Third Meditation: Proof of Gods Existence In Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes is seeking to find a system of stable, lasting and certain knowledge, which he can ultimately regard as the Truth. In his methodical quest to carry out his task, Descartes eventually arrives at the proverbial fork in the road: how to bridge the knowledge of self with that of the rest of the world. Descartes’ answer to this is to prove the existence of God. The purpose of this essay will be to state and explain Descartes Third Meditation: Proof of Gods Existence by identifying relevant concepts and terminology and their relationship to each other and examining each premise as well as the conclusion of the proof and finally†¦show more content†¦These characteristics cannot exists by themselves and are thus subject to the existence of things in the next highest degree of reality, that of substances. Substances are finite objects or ideas with conceivable limits. In the previous example, the ceiling itself is t he substance with the holes and markings (of a lower degree of reality) being dependent upon it for their continued existence. The highest degree of reality involves the infinite. The infinite represents substances that are unbounded and possess no conceivable or tangible limits in any of their aspects or qualities. The only example of this for Descartes would be an entity of omnipotence, who would be all knowing, all powerful, and that of which no greater can be conceived, in other words God. The next concept that must be explained is in fact the very first premise for Descartes Third Meditation Proof for the Existence of God, that of the Causal Adequacy Principle. Descartes reasons that as the idea contains one particular subjective reality rather than another, it must get this reality from a cause having at least as much formal reality as the idea has subjective reality (p 58). In this, Descartes attempts to tie together the concepts on kinds of reality and degrees of reality. Returning to the example using the ceiling, Descartes would argue that the thing causing or bringing into existence the idea of the ceiling (a mindShow MoreRelated Descartes Third Meditation: Proof of Gods Existence Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pages Descartes Third Meditation: Proof of Gods Existence In Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes is seeking to find a system of stable, lasting and certain knowledge, which he can ultimately regard as the Truth. In his methodical quest to carry out his task, Descartes eventually arrives at the proverbial fork in the road: how to bridge the knowledge of self with that of the rest of the world. Descartesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ answer to this is to prove the existence of God. The purpose of this essayRead MoreEssay about A Very Brief History on the Existence of God 1202 Words   |  5 PagesThe subsequent essay will provide a brief overview on the existence of God from Renà © Descartes through Immanuel Kant. First, section (1), examines Descartes’ proof for the existence of God. Section (2), explores G.W. Leibniz’s view on God’s existence in addition to his attempts to rectify the shortcomings of Descartes’ proofs. Before continuing, it is imperative to understand that both Descartes and Leibn iz believed that the existence of God could be proved via reason. The remainder of the essayRead MoreA Brief Look at Rene Descartes829 Words   |  3 Pages Rene Descartes was a brilliant man who came up with many inventions and thoughts to put in people’s minds and let them ponder off and question life in itself. In one of the many things Rene Descartes created, he wrote a book called Discourse on the Method and Meditations. Descartes discusses how there are two main proofs of God’s existence, the casual argument in meditation three and the ontological argument in meditation five. There are a few differences between these two meditations and one isRead MoreDescartes: Proofs of God/Deception and Error Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes: Proofs of God/Deception and Error Instructions: First: Analyze and evaluate the two proofs of Gods existence. How are they different? Is one more convincing than the other? Why did Descartes think he needed two proofs? Do they do different work for him? And secondly: Does Descartes give a satisfactory account of human error, given a perfect and divine creator? Are Descartes arguments convincing, or does it still seem unnecessary and less than perfect that God created us withRead MoreIn Descartes Third Meditation, he tries desperately to prove that god exists; he does so by900 Words   |  4 PagesIn Descartes Third Meditation, he tries desperately to prove that god exists; he does so by clearing all thoughts because they potentially could be false. He uses the fact that God thinks in order to prove his existence. In the third meditation he presents two arguments for the proof of his existence. I believe that these arguments contain many flaws. In the third mediation, Descartes moves forward in the establishment of the idea of ce rtainty. He decides that the truths he earlier discovered inRead MoreDescartes First Meditation On The Existence Of God1320 Words   |  6 PagesMinglai Dong Descartes Third Meditation: Recommended Topic 2 Descartes’ third meditation on First Philosophy is all about the existence of God. There are many things that Descartes talks about in this meditation. His intentions are to create a set of proofs or arguments that will irrefutably prove God’s existence. He already believes that God exists but he is mainly trying to dispute the reasons why God might not exist or how God may be a deceiver. The definition of God to Descartes can be summedRead MoreDescartes Belief in God Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesDescartes and God In his groundbreaking work, Meditations on First Philosophy, the French philosopher Rene Descartes lays the groundwork for many philosophical principles by attempting to â€Å"establish a bold and lasting knowledge† (171)1. The foundations for knowledge Descartes established would go on to influence a plethora of other philosophers and philosophical works. Descartes argues in his meditations first from the point of view of complete skepticism, using skepticism as a tool in order toRead MoreEssay Rene Descartess View on God1300 Words   |  6 Pagesseventeenth century, there was a man, named Rene Descartes, who was interested in God and wondered about His existence.   After an unforgettable night in November 10, 1619, his interest in God became stronger, and had developed many views that concerned or were about God. When he expressed his investigations of applying inductive methods of science and mathematics to philosophy by the Cogito ero sum (I think, therefore I am), he started to argue the existence of God by saying that God and science couldRead MoreThomas Aquinas vs. Descarates Essays673 Words   |  3 PagesV. DESCARATES Meditation III Several hundred years ago, two great philosophers Thomas Aquinas’s and Rene Descartes used the method of ontological argument for the existence of God and used intuition and reason alone to get to each other’s theory. Rene Descartes wrote out several mediations, but the one we’re going to touch base on is meditation III that he wrote in the 1600’s; While Thomas Aquinas’s wrote his five proofs of God in 1270 that specifies God’s existence in each proof; the one thatRead MoreDescartes Fourth Meditation On The Existence Of God1382 Words   |  6 PagesIn Descartes’ Fifth Meditation, he delivers an argument that has come to be known as the Ontological Argument. It is here that Descartes argues for the existence of God, through a priori reasoning. In order to understand both the strengths and weakness of this argument, I will first break it down into its main premises. From here, I will argue that despite the simplicity and use of reason ing in the argument, the weaknesses outweigh the strengths, and ultimately that the argument fails. To allow for

Portfolio Valuation

Questions: Consider shares in two companies, JAY and KAY, as follows: Expected Return E(R) Standard Deviation s Correlation Coefficient r Share JAY 12% 18% 0.3 Share KAY 24% 32% a) Calculate the covariance between Share JAY and KAY returns. b) What is the expected return and standard deviation of returns on a portfolio comprising 35% in Share JAY and 65% in Share KAY? c) If you wanted to create a portfolio consisting only of these two shares, how much would you need to invest (weights) in each share so that your portfolio return would be equal to 15.6%? Note: do not round. d) Using the weights calculated in part c), calculate the variance and standard deviation of your portfolio. Answers: a) We know, = -0.3 x = 0.18 y= 0.32 = cov/ x * y Thus cov = -0.3* .18* 0.32 = -0.01728 b) Expected return = w* R = 0.35* 12% + 0.65* 24% = 19.8 Standard deviation = (wi * wj * i * j * cov(i,j) ) ^ 0.5 = 20.8 c) Let investment in Jay be x Thus investment in Kay will be (1- x) Expected return = w* R = x* 12% + (1-x)* 24% 15.6 = 12x +24 -24x X = 0.7 Thus investment in Jay = 70% d) Variance = wi * wj * i * j * cov(i,j) = 214.632 Standard deviation = (wi * wj * i * j * cov(i,j) ) ^ 0.5 = 14.65. References Return, Risk And The Security Market Line - Expected Return, Variance And Standard Deviation Of A Portfolio. Advanced Bond Concepts: Bond Pricing. Dividend Discount Model DDM.

Reflective Essay on Organizational Informatics

Abstract Organizational Informatics is the application of both Information Technology and Computer Science in handling an Organization’s matters. With the new developments in information technology and Computer Science, organizations have recorded increase in the ease of their operation, quick execution of tasks, and reduction in the operational costs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Essay on Organizational Informatics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The adoption of informatics in firms may also have adverse effects on manpower (Bloomfield, 2000). Goal attainment and supervision of staff has eased with the implementation of computerization and information technology in many organizations. Deterioration in creativity in some industries and automation of humans are some of the adverse impacts experienced in Organizational Informatics. This dissertation seeks to ascertain some of the developments and extent of their impacts on the organizations (Nembhard, 2011). Organization is a term that refers to a group of individuals who operate under a definite set of principles that guide them towards achieving a common goal. There are different types of organizations that may include institutions and other types of business entities. Informatics is the combination of computer science and information science (Bouwan, 2005). Therefore, Organizational Informatics refers to the integration of information technology in handling different information related matters in an organizational setting. Organizational Informatics has a social aspect that one has to consider when analyzing various institutions. One examines different types of organizations redefining their distinct characteristics to come up with the best information technology that best suits them. Organizational Informatics establishes the purposeful areas in the business to come up with the best ways of conveying information. It helps in enhancing the business integration of tasks in a fast and efficient manner. Organizational Informatics broadly elucidates the diverse information-based products. It is vital to examine the different products used within an information domain (Pulver, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organizational scope is broad, and as such, there is the need to establish a product that best fits a particular organization. The rise of many organizations having different time spans for change institutes the use of flexible information technology that incorporates changes. Nature of Organizational Informatics The Organizational Informatics tends to be problem-oriented, incorporating different rules and practices of the respective organization. The information technology of a given organization is structured to fit the functionality of the organization. Organization’s information tec hnology is always programmed to yield solutions to problems that an organization is likely to face. Different organizations have different problems; information infrastructure should solve the problems in an organization. For Organizational Informatics to hold, one should hold on to the principle of framework dependency. Context dependency lays the assumption that there is a particular direction human beings have to follow regarding the occurrence of a certain event. It relies heavily on the extent of prediction. It may not be the case because of the high chances of manipulation due to the nature of human thought. The information-seeking behaviors may vary from one person to another. There is a likelihood of having one problem facing different people and each following different directions in seeking information (Bloomfield, 2000). Organizational Informatics being the application of information technology and computer science in organizations has greatly enhanced the functioning of organizations through an increase in interdependence among organizations (Borgman, 2000). There have been various reasons for governing different organizations, with all the reasons having the aim of enhancing success in organizations. They also target to reduce the operational cost of the firms. However, this has recently caused a lot of contradictions. Research has shown that organizations with high information technology standards call for less labor than those without.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Essay on Organizational Informatics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Over the years, firms that have notably applied information technology in their operations have recorded operational ease, as well as, increased productivity. Organizational doctrines and processes can also be clearly outlined with the use of information technology. Many of the functions within organizations have been automated throu gh the use of computers. In the accounting organizational environments, computation has transformed and eased through the use of computers (Bouwan, 2005). Computers have made the operations fast. Calculations of large amounts of numeric data occur within seconds, unlike, previous times. Implementation of information technology has improved interactions between organizations. Lesser labor is required due to the use of computers. The development of Informatics has fostered the development of the current organizations. The current development of social media being used as a tool for passing information to organizations has positively improved the passage of information. The emergence and upgrading of information technology have fostered development in organizations. The older systems in organizations are always being replaced the newer ones that suit the needs of an organization. Integration system is also another better area under consideration regarding organizations. Software like S AP has been used; it intensifies the passage of information across an organization while permitting many parameters to be modified. It helps in integration of operations of an organization having advanced administrative centralization to come up with the diverse parameters across the organization’s geographical locations having decentralized activities (Bloomfield, 2000). The yields in organizations have incessantly enhanced following the integration of informatics. Incorporation of geospatial mapping application has also helped in tracking the locations of the organization’s manpower. Running any site on the internet on behalf of the organization is monitored following the use of IP addresses hence increasing transparency with the organizations (Bouwan, 2005).Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The information passed to any method via a computer can be easily tracked, and thus minimizing the chances of passing malicious information in the organization. Organizations conveyance of information is thus efficient and effective with the application of informatics. Organizational Structure Organizations are structured differently. For this reason, the role of information technology varies. Organizations should thus redefine their roles and come up with the best method of passing the information that accomplishes their intended functions. Organizational Informatics plays a central role in making the functioning of different compartments within the organization easy. Given the socio-technical relationship of an organization, people should learn to incorporate and administer technology in organizations. Organizational Informatics is an important trend because it simplifies human efforts, and its execution method of different roles is assured. Organizational Informatics also ensures efficient record keeping in microchips. Organizational Informatics also explores information-based industries and the relevance of their establishment in the industry. Organizational Informatics has greatly enhanced communication within businesses. It has also improved the interrelationship between companies. Organizational Informatics application in different industries has led to increased productivity (Tracy, 2014). Organizational Informatics aims at easing the functions within an organization. Initially, all the functions within the organizations were done manually. The communication within the organizations was mainly verbal or in writing. Incorporation of technology has significantly enhanced the functioning of the organizations. It takes a few seconds to communicate with employees within a given firm through the use of email. Record management has also been boosted following the storage of information on computer hard drives. The retrieval of information has also been improv ed since there is no need for accessing very many files. It only calls for typing the name of the document in the search bar of the computer (Schwartz, 2000). The application of technology in organizations targets to effectively improve communication within different organizations. Some organizations are business entities, and as such, communication is imperative in promoting business to business relationships. Use of emails and other forms of information technology-based communications improves placing of orders and paying for the same. For this reason, information promotes the sales of businesses. Organizational Design Organizational design explains the way the organization’s administration achieves the efficient combination of all the sections/departments to move in the same direction of achieving the set goals with respect to the uncertainty in the external environment. Organizational entails a critical examination of the workflow, administration, and duties allocation to ensure their conformity with the objectives of the organization. A good organizational design creates an enabling environment for the execution of the tasks to achieve the goals of the organization efficiently. Organizational design aids communication, productivity and innovation within an organization (Nembhard, 2011). Different sections of the design can be linked together through the use of the appropriate communication channels to accomplish satisfactory performance. Organizations should overcome the barriers to effective communication at all the times to ensure continued quality in all its undertakings. Organizational planning is a key to effectual design. Proper planning of the flexible design that totally utilizes the available labor and resources is essential in organizations. The information helps in the accomplishment of the functionality of a good organizational design. Organizational Informatics has eased the functioning between different sections of the design. Quick d issemination of information has facilitated the implementation of various responsibilities of manpower in the organizations (Bloomfield, 2000). Management Aspects Effective organizational management entails; exercising authority, making things happen, prioritizing, using control, problem-solving, and decisiveness. Organizational Informatics has enhanced the organizational management aspects. The managers in an organization can use control easily following the automation of the processes. Technology has facilitated the achievement of results within an organization through the use of systems that increase the ease (Tracy, 2014). The exercise authority has enhanced with the application of information technology in the organizations. Automation of processes in organizations has boosted prioritizing of tasks that have led to increased yields. Technology has resulted in efficient problem-solving in organizations through the use of systems that precisely analyze problems and provide the wa y out. Decision making is also another critical development trend in organizations following the application of Organizational Informatics. Management of organizations has been enhanced through the use of Organizational Informatics (Bloomfield, 2000). Technology Infrastructure Technology infrastructure refers to all the aspects involved in facilitating effecting of various organizations’ processes with the use of technical appliances. Technology infrastructure has eased the organization’s functions. Through the application of the relevant technology, organizations have seen betterment in information passage. Information processing in organizations has currently assumed a faster pace. Use of computers and microchips has facilitated data storage and faster retrieval. Technology infrastructure has enabled bulk data transmission from one department to another within or outside the organization (Antonelli, 2009). It has also improved the organization’s public image t hrough websites ads. Technology infrastructure has led to a reduction in the management costs within organizations. Technology infrastructure is an important development in the management of organizations in the current world. It has made the organizations calculate their success in advance and, as a result, the establishment of their profit/loss. Developments in technological infrastructure have led to an improvement in surveillance in the organizations and increased productivity; as a result (Antonelli, 2009). Information Infrastructure Information infrastructure is also an important element in the understanding of Organizational Informatics. Information infrastructure refers to everything that facilitates the flow and processing of information. Information infrastructure is conscientious in planning all the aspects of any given type of organization (Borlase, 2012). It enables fast and reliable method of passing information to the organizations. The information passed through comp uters can be recorded for future references. Incorporation of technology in information infrastructure has led to reliability in the means of communication within organizations. The passing of information from one section to the other is enhanced through the use of technology. Organizations can also reach their customers with ease through the application of technical appliances. Information infrastructure boosts the organization’s performance and increases the overall output of the organization (Bloomfield, 2000). Learning In the context of organizations; learning can be defined as the transfer of knowledge (information) to personnel. Organizational Informatics has facilitated learning. Organizational learning is attained through acquirement, distribution, elucidation, and storage of information. Learning enables efficient information processing reciprocating effectual functioning and performance of organizations (Schwartz, 2000). The emergence of many challenges in the infor mation dissemination within the organization has cultivated the stakeholders’ decisions aim at ensuring continued learning. Adoption of new technology in organizations has also called for advancement in the knowledge of personnel. Learning in organizations can also be attributed to the inventions of newer information systems. The need for the organizational best performance calls for learning to enable discovery of the best practices (Kirwan, 2013). Remembering Remembering can be understood from the concept of organizational memory. Organizational memory can be defined as the process of reconstituting the past projects processes into the present ones. Remembering makes an organization to avoid duplication of efforts and as well as enhancing reliable decision making through access to the same information by all the personnel. Computers have improved the memory of organizational processes and storage of information (Schwartz, 2000). Sense-making The information that is transmit ted within an organization should be measurable in the domain of sense-making. Organizational Informatics has improved the conveyance of sensible information. The development of the technology has made the information systems to adopt a better method that ensures the data is well examined to hold meaning. Use of different software has facilitated sense-making in information (Kirwan, 2013). Significance of Information Information is an important aspect in organizations. Information can also be defined, as the transfer of data from one person to another within the organization or from one firm to another (Pulver, 2009). The use of modern Organizational Informatics has eliminated the chances of data/information distortion from one person to the other. Information is only passed through the use of internet/system supported platforms making distortion an error of extinct. Information systems improve the communication within different areas in the organization. The passage of information is fast through the use of emails in the organization leading to a more rapid handling of tasks in the organization. The information enhances the decision making in the organizations. An organization that has up-to-date information can comfortably make its decisions concerning different issues that need an appropriate action (Nembhard, 2011). Organizational Informatics helps the managers to make the appropriate decisions through the use of systems that integrate information and calculate the outcomes of each decision. Organizational Informatics also provides alternative decisions on particular situations. Information also improves the operations of an organization. Availability of necessary information that can be applied in different organizational scenarios improves on the organizational activities. Organizational Informatics has led to the reformation of the organizational operations and improved performance. Sharing of information in Organizations leads to coordination of effort s towards achieving the set goals. It also enables the passage of knowledge concerning the handling of the organizational matters/procedures. Computerization of the organization’s operations has cultivated improvement in related information processes that have led to high-quality work. Computer systems are precisely programmed to tackle specific tasks, and thus reducing the chances of failure in attaining the desired results. Computerization has fostered record-keeping by different agencies. The entire firm’s related information is stored on the hard drives or sometimes in microchips. The filing system is maintained for reference. Electronic storage of information makes retrieval easy; saving the time that could be otherwise have been wasted trying to go through all the hard copy files. More time is saved and can be dedicated to undertaking other productive tasks in the organization. Computerization, therefore, makes work easier and improves information storage and ret rieval (Bouwan, 2005). Conclusion Organizational Informatics has aided in improving the passage of information within an organization. Organization’s success can be ensured through the betterment of its communication. Proper and easier methods and tools of communication have increased the ease of the passage of information from one party to the other. The dissemination of information in an organization is a parameter that enables effective and efficient goal attainment. Use of internet in organizational settings has improved communication within various departments. It has also led to the absorption of the best labor force in organizations and thus increasing the productivity of the organizations. Computerization of organization functions has resulted in increased ease of carrying out operations in the organizations, and, as a result, an increment in the yields of organizations. Organizations have also been able to increase their output significantly while at the same time, a lso experiencing greater efficiency. Management and data handling in an organization have also improved. Initially, the management of an organization that had numerous formal was hectic. Currently, adoption of SAP software has made management easier since organizations can be managed in one central position irrespective of the many decentralized locations within a large geographical area. Hiring and placement in organizations is currently not a great deal, following the application of information technology. Currently, discoveries in the area of information have led to the emergence of different software dealing best with the problems of various organizations. Adoption of computer science in organizations has to a large extent improved the speed, quality and lowered production cost in the operations. There are improvements in the organizational design through the use of efficient information in the modern organizations that has led to the practical accomplishment of the organization al goals. The management aspects in organizations have also enhanced through the use of appropriate decision making. The objectives of the organizations are attained with ease following through embarking on the principles of learning, sense-making, and remembering in organizations. The use of the best technologies in organizations has simplified information conveyance and data handling that have seen the enhancement of organizations. Informatics has improved all the aspects of the modern organization and made goal attainment an easier task. References Antonelli, C. (2009). Technology infrastructure. London: Routledge. Bloomfield, B. P. (2000). Information technology and organizations strategies, networks, and integration. Oxford.: Oxford University Press. Borgman, C. L. (2000). From Gutenberg to the global information infrastructure access to information in the networked world. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Borlase, S. (2012). Smart grids infrastructure, technology, and solutions. Bo ca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Bouwan, H. (2005). Information and communication technology in organizations adoption, implementation, use and effects. London: SAGE. Kirwan, C. (2013). Making sense of organizational learning putting theory into practice. Farnham: Gower. Nembhard, I. M. (2011). Inside the organizational learning curve understanding the organizational learning process. Boston: Now. Pulver, D. C. (2009). Understanding the importance of information. Chicago, Ill.: Heinemann Library. Schwartz, D. G. (2000). Internet-based organizational memory and knowledge management. Hershey, Pa.: Idea Group pub. Tracy, B. (2014). Management. New York: AMACOM. 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